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Polícia e (des)ordem pública em Angola: uma abordagem prospetiva sobre o policiamento das manifestações na cidade de Luanda
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Abstract(s)
Com o fim da guerra civil e a assinatura dos acordos de paz em 2002, Angola
embarcou em um caminho de reformas políticas, económicas e urbanas significativas,
que impulsionaram um fenómeno migratório interno, especialmente para as zonas
urbanas. Esse movimento foi motivado pela busca de segurança física e económica, numa
altura em que as populações se concentravam nas zonas urbanas para usufruir desta nova
bolsa de alívio, depois de mais de duas décadas de conflito armado.
Essas reformas agudizaram a situação socioeconómica do país tornando a
sociedade mais desafiadora ainda e, é nestas circunstâncias em que os movimentos sociais
surgem como uma resposta ao descontentamento popular. Os cidadãos reivindicam os
seus direitos por meio de greves e manifestações. Diante desse cenário, a manutenção da
ordem e da segurança pública torna-se uma questão central de modo a garantir um
ambiente seguro de todos, estando a Polícia legitimada ao uso da força quando necessário.
Porém, vezes há em que o uso da força gera violência, o que acaba por manchar a própria
imagem da Polícia, pois não se deve confundir a legitimidade do uso da força com
violência. Assim, suscitou em nós a curiosidade de percebermos qual é o modelo de
articulação das forças policiais que Angola utiliza nos cenários de desordem pública e se
o mesmo adequa-se à necessidade e circunstâncias atuais do país.
Para o efeito, formulamos a seguinte pergunta de partida: O modelo de articulação
das forças utilizado em angola nos cenários de desordem pública corresponde às
necessidades securitárias do país? Utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo, através da
abordagem qualitativa, poderemos analisar os documentos operacionais existentes de
forma a aferir perceber em que molde o modelo de articulação das forças policiais
utilizado em Angola é exequível dada a realidade atual do país.
Da análise feita às Ordens de Operações, às Entrevistas e à NEP que regula a
atuação nos cenários das manifestações, concluímos que Angola atua na vertente
preventiva, reservado a ótica reativa para as circunstâncias em que há desordem. Ainda
assim, verificamos igualmente que em Angola os procedimentos de atuação que são
utilizados em Angola, são na base dos instrutivos decorrentes das Ordens de Operações
que são feitos de forma isolada, havendo a grande necessidade de potenciar os efetivos
com capacitação, formação e integra-los no espírito sistematizado do papel da Polícia nos
cenários de desordem pública no contexto das multidões.
With the end of the civil war and the signing of peace agreements in 2002, Angola embarked on a path of significant political, economic and urban reforms, which boosted an internal migration phenomenon, especially to urban areas. This movement was motivated by the search for physical and economic security, at a time when populations were concentrated in urban areas to take advantage of this new relief, after more than two decades of armed conflict. These reforms worsened the country's socioeconomic situation, making society even more challenging, and it is in these circumstances that social movements emerge as a response to popular discontent. Citizens demand their rights through strikes and demonstrations. Given this scenario, maintaining order and public security becomes a central issue in order to guarantee a safe environment for everyone, with the Police legitimized to use force when necessary. However, there are times when the use of force generates violence, which ends up tarnishing the image of the Police itself, as the legitimacy of the use of force should not be confused with violence. Thus, it aroused in us the curiosity to understand what is the model of articulation of police forces that Angola uses in scenarios of public disorder and whether it suits the country's current needs and circumstances. To this end, we formulated the following starting question: Does the model of articulation of forces used in Angola in scenarios of public disorder correspond to the country's security needs? Using the content analysis method, through a qualitative approach, we will be able to analyze the existing operational documents in order to understand how the police force articulation model used in Angola is feasible given the country's current reality. From the analysis carried out on the Operations Orders, the Interviews and the NEP that regulates action in demonstration scenarios, we conclude that Angola acts on a preventive basis, reserving a reactive perspective for circumstances in which there is disorder. Even so, we also found that in Angola the operating procedures that are used in Angola are based on the instructions resulting from the Operations Orders that are carried out in isolation, with a great need to enhance staff with training, training and integration. them in the systematized spirit of the role of the Police in scenarios of public disorder in the context of crowds.
With the end of the civil war and the signing of peace agreements in 2002, Angola embarked on a path of significant political, economic and urban reforms, which boosted an internal migration phenomenon, especially to urban areas. This movement was motivated by the search for physical and economic security, at a time when populations were concentrated in urban areas to take advantage of this new relief, after more than two decades of armed conflict. These reforms worsened the country's socioeconomic situation, making society even more challenging, and it is in these circumstances that social movements emerge as a response to popular discontent. Citizens demand their rights through strikes and demonstrations. Given this scenario, maintaining order and public security becomes a central issue in order to guarantee a safe environment for everyone, with the Police legitimized to use force when necessary. However, there are times when the use of force generates violence, which ends up tarnishing the image of the Police itself, as the legitimacy of the use of force should not be confused with violence. Thus, it aroused in us the curiosity to understand what is the model of articulation of police forces that Angola uses in scenarios of public disorder and whether it suits the country's current needs and circumstances. To this end, we formulated the following starting question: Does the model of articulation of forces used in Angola in scenarios of public disorder correspond to the country's security needs? Using the content analysis method, through a qualitative approach, we will be able to analyze the existing operational documents in order to understand how the police force articulation model used in Angola is feasible given the country's current reality. From the analysis carried out on the Operations Orders, the Interviews and the NEP that regulates action in demonstration scenarios, we conclude that Angola acts on a preventive basis, reserving a reactive perspective for circumstances in which there is disorder. Even so, we also found that in Angola the operating procedures that are used in Angola are based on the instructions resulting from the Operations Orders that are carried out in isolation, with a great need to enhance staff with training, training and integration. them in the systematized spirit of the role of the Police in scenarios of public disorder in the context of crowds.
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Keywords
Articulação atuação forças manifestações ordem pública Articulation action forces demonstrations public order