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Conhecimento, atitudes e práticas da automedicação na gravidez em problemas de saúde agudos
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Introdução: A automedicação é uma prática comum na população em geral e, apesar de ser considerada segura quando realizada de forma responsável, assume particular relevância durante a gravidez. A utilização inadequada de medicamentos pode colocar em risco não só a saúde materna, como também o desenvolvimento fetal.
Objetivos: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas das grávidas relativamente à automedicação em caso de problemas de saúde agudos.
Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo primário, transversal, descritivo e analítico. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um e -questionário, disponibilizado na plataforma Google Forms entre março e setembro de 2025, e divulgado em redes sociais, farmácias comunitárias e num consultório médico. A análise dos dados foi efetuada com recurso ao IBM SPSS Statistics (versão 30.0) e ao Microsoft Excel.
Resultados: A amostra (n = 200) apresentou uma idade média de 31,2 ± 4,8 anos e 62% referiram ter recorrido à automedicação durante a gravidez, sobretudo para tratar cefaleias (48%), constipações (37%) e desconforto gastrointestinal (26%). O paracetamol foi o medicamento mais utilizado (98,90%), seguido dos antiácidos (21,70%). Embora 73% das inquiridas reconhecessem os riscos da automedicação, 41% admitiram recorrer a esta prática.
Conclusão: Apesar de um nível de conhecimento globalmente satisfatório sobre os riscos da automedicação, esta prática continua comum entre as grávidas. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de promover ações de educação para a saúde e de literacia sobre medicamentos, bem como de fortalecer o papel do farmacêutico comunitário enquanto agente ativo na prevenção e na orientação sobre a utilização segura de medicamentos durante a gravidez, contribuindo, deste modo, para a proteção da saúde materno-fetal.
Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice among the general population and, although considered safe when done responsibly, it takes on particular relevance during pregnancy. Inappropriate use of medications can endanger not only maternal health but also fetal development. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women regarding self-medication in cases of acute health problems. Methodology: A primary, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted. Data were collected using an e-questionnaire, made available on the Google Forms platform between March and September 2025, and disseminated on social media, in community pharmacies, and in a doctor's office. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 30.0) and Microsoft Excel. Results: The sample (n = 200) had a mean age of 31.2 ± 4.8 years, and 62% reported having resorted to self-medication during pregnancy, mainly to treat headaches (48%), colds (37%), and gastrointestinal discomfort (26%). Paracetamol was the most commonly used medication (98.90%), followed by antacids (21.70%). Although 73% of respondents recognized the risks of self-medication, 41% admitted to resorting to this practice. Conclusion: Despite a generally satisfactory level of knowledge about the risks of selfmedication, this practice remains common among pregnant women. The results reinforce the need to promote health education and medication literacy initiatives, as well as to strengthen the role of community pharmacists as active agents in prevention and guidance on the safe use of medications during pregnancy, thereby contributing to the protection of maternal and fetal health.
Introduction: Self-medication is a common practice among the general population and, although considered safe when done responsibly, it takes on particular relevance during pregnancy. Inappropriate use of medications can endanger not only maternal health but also fetal development. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women regarding self-medication in cases of acute health problems. Methodology: A primary, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted. Data were collected using an e-questionnaire, made available on the Google Forms platform between March and September 2025, and disseminated on social media, in community pharmacies, and in a doctor's office. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 30.0) and Microsoft Excel. Results: The sample (n = 200) had a mean age of 31.2 ± 4.8 years, and 62% reported having resorted to self-medication during pregnancy, mainly to treat headaches (48%), colds (37%), and gastrointestinal discomfort (26%). Paracetamol was the most commonly used medication (98.90%), followed by antacids (21.70%). Although 73% of respondents recognized the risks of self-medication, 41% admitted to resorting to this practice. Conclusion: Despite a generally satisfactory level of knowledge about the risks of selfmedication, this practice remains common among pregnant women. The results reinforce the need to promote health education and medication literacy initiatives, as well as to strengthen the role of community pharmacists as active agents in prevention and guidance on the safe use of medications during pregnancy, thereby contributing to the protection of maternal and fetal health.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Gravidez Automedicação Conhecimento Atitudes Práticas Farmacêutico Segurança do medicamento Saúde materna