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Perspetiva dos cuidadores de utentes em Hospitalização Domiciliária sobre a supervisão clínica providenciada pelos enfermeiros
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O estudo explora a perspetiva dos cuidadores de utentes em Hospitalização Domiciliária sobre a supervisão clínica providenciada pelos enfermeiros, com o objetivo de identificar os elementos centrais da supervisão clínica dirigida aos cuidadores e explorar as suas perceções sobre necessidades, desafios e contributos deste processo. Especificamente, procurou-se compreender as necessidades emocionais, formativas e organizativas dos cuidadores, bem como o impacto da Hospitalização Domiciliária no seu bem-estar e na qualidade dos cuidados prestados.
Adotou-se um desenho qualitativo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, sustentado numa abordagem interpretativa. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas a oito cuidadores informais de utentes internados em Hospitalização Domiciliária; a análise seguiu a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin.
Da análise emergiram subcategorias, organizadas em categorias e enquadradas nas três funções do modelo de Proctor: (i) formativa: destacando a capacitação instrumental, a clareza e adaptação da comunicação, a personalização do ensino e o suporte à continuidade de cuidados, favorecendo a autonomia e a segurança do cuidador; (ii) normativa: centrada no controlo da qualidade focado na gestão do regime terapêutico, na monitorização clínica, no planeamento de visitas e validação de competências; (iii) restaurativa: associada ao apoio emocional, à relação de confiança, à promoção do bem-estar, à disponibilidade da equipa e à validação do papel do cuidador, com impacto positivo na adaptação e na resiliência.
Conclui-se que a supervisão clínica desempenha um papel essencial na capacitação dos cuidadores, garantindo qualidade, segurança e humanização no contexto da Hospitalização Domiciliária. Recomenda-se a implementação de estratégias supervisivas sistemáticas, ajustadas ao perfil e às necessidades de cada cuidador, integrando avaliação e validação de competências, canais formais de apoio e recursos pedagógicos acessíveis. O estudo contribui para consolidar a supervisão clínica como eixo essencial do modelo de Hospitalização Domiciliária e para salientar a importância de programas de formação e políticas de apoio ao cuidador, reforçando a sustentabilidade desta resposta assistencial.
The study explores caregivers’ perspectives on the clinical supervision provided by nurses within Hospital at Home, aiming to identify the core elements of supervision directed at caregivers and to examine their perceptions of the needs, challenges, and contributions of this process. Specifically, it sought to understand caregivers’ emotional, educational, and organizational needs, as well as the impact of Hospital at Home on their well-being and on the quality of care. A qualitative, exploratory–descriptive design was adopted, grounded in an interpretive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight informal caregivers of patients admitted to Hospital at Home; the analysis followed Bardin’s content analysis technique. From the analysis, subcategories emerged, organized into categories and framed by the three functions of Proctor’s model: (i) formative — highlighting instrumental skill-building, clarity and tailoring of communication, personalized teaching, and support for continuity of care, thereby fostering caregivers’ autonomy and safety; (ii) normative — centered on quality assurance, with an emphasis on managing the therapeutic regimen, clinical monitoring, visit scheduling, and competence validation; and (iii) restorative — associated with emotional support, trust-based relationships, promotion of well-being, team availability, and validation of the caregiver role, with a positive impact on adaptation and resilience. It is concluded that clinical supervision plays an essential role in empowering caregivers, ensuring quality, safety, and humanization within the context of Hospital at Home. The implementation of systematic supervisory strategies is recommended, tailored to each caregiver’s profile and needs, integrating competence assessment and validation, formal support channels, and accessible educational resources. The study contributes to consolidating clinical supervision as a cornerstone of the Hospital at Home model and underscores the importance of training programs and caregiver-support policies, reinforcing the sustainability of this care modality.
The study explores caregivers’ perspectives on the clinical supervision provided by nurses within Hospital at Home, aiming to identify the core elements of supervision directed at caregivers and to examine their perceptions of the needs, challenges, and contributions of this process. Specifically, it sought to understand caregivers’ emotional, educational, and organizational needs, as well as the impact of Hospital at Home on their well-being and on the quality of care. A qualitative, exploratory–descriptive design was adopted, grounded in an interpretive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight informal caregivers of patients admitted to Hospital at Home; the analysis followed Bardin’s content analysis technique. From the analysis, subcategories emerged, organized into categories and framed by the three functions of Proctor’s model: (i) formative — highlighting instrumental skill-building, clarity and tailoring of communication, personalized teaching, and support for continuity of care, thereby fostering caregivers’ autonomy and safety; (ii) normative — centered on quality assurance, with an emphasis on managing the therapeutic regimen, clinical monitoring, visit scheduling, and competence validation; and (iii) restorative — associated with emotional support, trust-based relationships, promotion of well-being, team availability, and validation of the caregiver role, with a positive impact on adaptation and resilience. It is concluded that clinical supervision plays an essential role in empowering caregivers, ensuring quality, safety, and humanization within the context of Hospital at Home. The implementation of systematic supervisory strategies is recommended, tailored to each caregiver’s profile and needs, integrating competence assessment and validation, formal support channels, and accessible educational resources. The study contributes to consolidating clinical supervision as a cornerstone of the Hospital at Home model and underscores the importance of training programs and caregiver-support policies, reinforcing the sustainability of this care modality.
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Hospitalização Domiciliária Supervisão Clínica Cuidadores Informais Enfermagem