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Do acolhimento residencial para o mundo exterior: que desafios no processo de autonomizaĆ§Ć£o
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Ao longo dos anos, o crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianƧas e dos jovens
tĆŖm sido alvo de atenĆ§Ć£o por parte dos poderes pĆŗblicos. Nesse sentido, tĆŖm sido
implementadas e ajustadas polĆticas de proteĆ§Ć£o e medidas de intervenĆ§Ć£o por forma a
salvaguardar o interesse superior da crianƧa, as suas necessidades e o seu bem-estar.
O estudo sobre os sinais de risco e de perigo, bem como das suas consequĆŖncias
para as crianƧas e jovens tem vindo a ser cada mais desenvolvido por forma a encontrar
soluƧƵes que preservem o seu estado quer fĆsico, psicolĆ³gico e emocional.
VĆ”rias sĆ£o as medidas de proteĆ§Ć£o existentes em Portugal direcionadas Ć infĆ¢ncia
e juventude e, nĆ£o obstante se privilegiar as que se destinam Ć manutenĆ§Ć£o da crianƧa no
seu meio natural de vida, o acolhimento continua a ter uma expressĆ£o a nĆ£o desconsiderar,
sendo o acolhimento residencial claramente superior ao acolhimento familiar.
Quando se pensa no acolhimento residencial, deve ter-se em conta que Ć©
necessƔrio promover um crescimento e desenvolvimento digno e, desta forma, os
acolhimentos residenciais, juntamente com cada uma das crianƧas e dos jovens, traƧam o
seu caminho tendo por base as suas necessidades. Atendendo a que hƔ crianƧas e jovens
que crescem nos acolhimentos residenciais e aĆ se tornam adultos, o desenvolvimento de
um projeto de autonomia constitui uma fase importante para a preparaĆ§Ć£o para uma vida
adulta independente.
Compreender de que modo se processa essa preparaĆ§Ć£o para a vida adulta em
jovens com percursos de institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o, bem como os desafios que enfrentam
quando saem do acolhimento residencial foi o mote da pesquisa desenvolvida e da qual
se dĆ” conta nesta dissertaĆ§Ć£o. Com recurso a entrevistas a jovens com percursos de
institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o e a tĆ©cnicos que trabalham em acolhimentos residenciais procurou
compreender-se como se processa o trabalho com vista Ć promoĆ§Ć£o da autonomia. Foram
identificados para entrevista, atravƩs de um processo em bola de neve, jovens em projeto
de autonomia ou que jĆ” estavam fora do contexto de acolhimento. De forma intencional
e por conveniĆŖncia, entrevistaram-se, igualmente, profissionais que trabalham em
contextos de acolhimento residencial com o objetivo de perceber de que forma sĆ£o
desenvolvidos esses projetos de autonomia e quais os desafios/dificuldades que os jovens
possam sentir no momento da saĆda para o exterior.
ii
Destaca-se que este trabalho pode ser uma mais-valia para qualquer acolhimento
residencial visto que pode ser o inĆcio de uma investigaĆ§Ć£o mais aprofundada. Com isto
pretende-se desafiar os tƩcnicos, juntamente com os jovens, a identificar as dificuldades
e os desafios aquando da saĆda do acolhimento residencial para poder melhorar o trabalho
desenvolvido ao nĆvel dos projetos de autonomia. NĆ£o podemos esquecer que cada
projeto difere uns dos outros. Contudo se houver a possibilidade de entender quais os
problemas identificados de um modo geral, Ć© possĆvel priorizar certas aƧƵes nos
acolhimentos residenciais com o objetivo de capacidade os jovens para a sua vida
autĆ³noma.
Over the years, the growth and development of children and young people have been the focus of attention from public authorities. In this sense, protection policies and intervention measures have been implemented and adjusted in order to safeguard the child's best interest, needs and well-being. The study of the signs of risk and danger, as well as their consequences for children and young people, has been increasingly developed in order to find solutions that preserve their physical, psychological and emotional state. There are several protection measures in place in Portugal aimed at children and young people, and although priority is given to those aimed at keeping the child in its natural environment, foster care is still an important factor to be taken into consideration, with foster care in institutions being clearly superior to family foster care. When thinking about residential care, it should be taken into account that it is necessary to promote a dignified growth and development and, in this way, the institutions, together with each of the children and young people, map out their path based on their needs. Since there are children and young people who grow up in institutions and become adults there, the development of an autonomy project is an important phase in the preparation for an independent adult life. Understanding how this preparation for adult life takes place in young people with paths of institutionalisation, as well as the challenges they face when they leave the institution was the motto of the research developed and reported in this dissertation. Through interviews with young people in institutions and with professionals working in host institutions, an attempt was made to understand how the work is carried out with a view to promoting autonomy. Through a snowball sample, we identified young people (in autonomy projects or who had already left the institution) and, intentionally and for convenience, we also interviewed professionals working in institutions with the aim of understanding how these autonomy projects are developed and what challenges/difficulties young people may experience when leaving the institution. It should be noted that this work can be an added value for any institution since it can be the beginning of a more in-depth research. This is intended to challenge the technicians, together with the young people, to identify the difficulties and challenges when they leave the institution in order to improve the work developed in terms of iv autonomy projects. We cannot forget that each project differs from one another. However, if there is a possibility to understand what the problems identified are in general, it is possible to prioritise certain actions in the institutions with the aim of enabling young people to lead an autonomous life.
Over the years, the growth and development of children and young people have been the focus of attention from public authorities. In this sense, protection policies and intervention measures have been implemented and adjusted in order to safeguard the child's best interest, needs and well-being. The study of the signs of risk and danger, as well as their consequences for children and young people, has been increasingly developed in order to find solutions that preserve their physical, psychological and emotional state. There are several protection measures in place in Portugal aimed at children and young people, and although priority is given to those aimed at keeping the child in its natural environment, foster care is still an important factor to be taken into consideration, with foster care in institutions being clearly superior to family foster care. When thinking about residential care, it should be taken into account that it is necessary to promote a dignified growth and development and, in this way, the institutions, together with each of the children and young people, map out their path based on their needs. Since there are children and young people who grow up in institutions and become adults there, the development of an autonomy project is an important phase in the preparation for an independent adult life. Understanding how this preparation for adult life takes place in young people with paths of institutionalisation, as well as the challenges they face when they leave the institution was the motto of the research developed and reported in this dissertation. Through interviews with young people in institutions and with professionals working in host institutions, an attempt was made to understand how the work is carried out with a view to promoting autonomy. Through a snowball sample, we identified young people (in autonomy projects or who had already left the institution) and, intentionally and for convenience, we also interviewed professionals working in institutions with the aim of understanding how these autonomy projects are developed and what challenges/difficulties young people may experience when leaving the institution. It should be noted that this work can be an added value for any institution since it can be the beginning of a more in-depth research. This is intended to challenge the technicians, together with the young people, to identify the difficulties and challenges when they leave the institution in order to improve the work developed in terms of iv autonomy projects. We cannot forget that each project differs from one another. However, if there is a possibility to understand what the problems identified are in general, it is possible to prioritise certain actions in the institutions with the aim of enabling young people to lead an autonomous life.
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Keywords
Acolhimento residencial Projeto de autonomia Jovens