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Estudo comparativo de diferentes protocolos terapĂȘuticos utilizados no tratamento das fendas oro-faciais
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As fendas oro-faciais sĂŁo as malformaçÔes craniofaciais congĂ©nitas mais prevalentes a nĂvel mundial. Afetam cerca de 1 em cada 700 nascimentos, apresentando uma grande variabilidade em termos de origem geogrĂĄfica, grupos raciais e Ă©tnicos. As fendas surgem nos primeiros estĂĄdios do desenvolvimento embrionĂĄrio devido a um defeito ou Ă fusĂŁo incompleta dos tecidos, sendo a sua etiologia predominantemente multifatorial, influenciada por fatores genĂ©ticos e ambientais.
Os pacientes com fendas oro-faciais, para alĂ©m das consequĂȘncias fĂsicas, podem sofrer de graves distĂșrbios da fala, audição, alimentação, anomalias maxilofaciais e problemas psicolĂłgicos, o que compromete significativamente a sua qualidade de vida. Por esse motivo, uma abordagem terapĂȘutica multidisciplinar aliada a um acompanhamento contĂnuo ao longo do seu desenvolvimento, Ă© crucial para abordar todas as caracterĂsticas associadas aos pecientes portadores de fendas e garantir uma gestĂŁo global, visando a
melhoria da vida dos pacientes.
No entanto, esta abordagem não é consensual e varia em função do centro especializado no acompanhamento destes pacientes. De facto, embora os objetivos dos tratamentos sejam semelhantes para todos, ou seja, minimizar o impacto estético que estas malformaçÔes originam e reabilitar as funçÔes eventualmente alteradas, a cronologia de intervenção e os métodos para atingir esses objetivos são diferentes.
Esta revisĂŁo narrativa tem como objetivo comparar diferentes protocolos de tratamento utilizados na abordagem das fendas oro-faciais, Ă luz da maior evidĂȘncia atual, a fim de analisar as caracterĂsticas mais eficientes e as principais dificuldades associadas a cada um.
Orofacial clefts are the most prevalent congenital craniofacial malformations worldwide. They affect around 1 in 700 births and vary widely in terms of geographical origin, racial and ethnic groups. Clefts appear in the early stages of embryonic development due to a defect or incomplete fusion of tissues, and their aetiology is predominantly multifactorial, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the physical consequences, patients with orofacial clefts can suffer from serious speech, hearing and eating disorders, maxillofacial anomalies and psychological problems, which significantly compromise their quality of life. For this reason, a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach combined with continuous monitoring throughout their development is crucial in order to address all the characteristics associated with clefts and ensure overall management, with the aim of improving patients' lives. However, this approach is not consensual and varies depending on the centre specialising in the care of these patients. In fact, although the treatment objectives are the same for all, i.e. minimising the aesthetic impact of these malformations and rehabilitating any altered functions, the intervention timeline and methods for achieving these objectives are different. The aim of this narrative review is to compare the different treatment protocols used to treat orofacial clefts, in the light of the most up-to-date evidence, in order to analyse the most effective characteristics and the main difficulties associated with each one.
Orofacial clefts are the most prevalent congenital craniofacial malformations worldwide. They affect around 1 in 700 births and vary widely in terms of geographical origin, racial and ethnic groups. Clefts appear in the early stages of embryonic development due to a defect or incomplete fusion of tissues, and their aetiology is predominantly multifactorial, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the physical consequences, patients with orofacial clefts can suffer from serious speech, hearing and eating disorders, maxillofacial anomalies and psychological problems, which significantly compromise their quality of life. For this reason, a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach combined with continuous monitoring throughout their development is crucial in order to address all the characteristics associated with clefts and ensure overall management, with the aim of improving patients' lives. However, this approach is not consensual and varies depending on the centre specialising in the care of these patients. In fact, although the treatment objectives are the same for all, i.e. minimising the aesthetic impact of these malformations and rehabilitating any altered functions, the intervention timeline and methods for achieving these objectives are different. The aim of this narrative review is to compare the different treatment protocols used to treat orofacial clefts, in the light of the most up-to-date evidence, in order to analyse the most effective characteristics and the main difficulties associated with each one.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitårio Egas Moniz
Keywords
Fenda labial Fenda palatina Protocolo terapĂȘutico