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Publication
Estudo Naturalista sobre a Decisão Policial em Grandes Eventos Políticos
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| 1.18 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O decisor policial conhece os mesmos constrangimentos e limitações cognitivas inerentes a qualquer ser humano. Este desenvolve a sua ação em ambientes complexos, mutáveis e muitas vezes marcados pela incerteza e circulação de um grande fluxo de informação. A pressão do tempo, a incapacidade de processar e tratar avultadas quantidades de informação ou o surgimento de situações inesperadas que necessitem de decisões céleres, coloca-o perante enormes desafios, os quais tenta superar através de estratégias, ou atalhos cognitivos, que, todavia, não eliminam a possibilidade de erro ou enviesamentos. Dotado de parcas faculdades computacionais, tal como qualquer outro ser humano, e impossibilitado de alcançar soluções ótimas e ideais, o decisor policial avalia e toma decisões tendo em vista soluções suficientes e satisfatórias. Desenvolveu-se, assim, um estudo qualitativo, em contexto naturalista, sobre a tomada de decisão policial em três grandes eventos políticos, objetivando aprofundar o conhecimento relativamente ao processo de decisão em contexto policial. Os dados foram recolhidos através de pesquisa documental, observação no terreno e aplicação de protocolos think aloud. Os resultados demonstram que a experiência e o conhecimento do decisor policial detêm um papel preponderante no processo de tomada de decisão. Ao longo das diferentes fases do policiamento, esses fatores articulam-se com a sua capacidade de avaliar cursos de ação, pesquisar, gerir e transmitir informação relevante, bem como de analisar pistas informativas ou realizar simulações mentais e antecipar cenários, através da produção de expectativas e recordações de experiências passadas.
The police decision-maker is constrained by a series of cognitive limitations that are inherent to his condition as a human being. He develops his actions in complex, mutable environments, often characterized by both uncertainty and a constant flow of information. Enormous decision-making challenges arise in the form of time constraints, the inability to process and analyse large amounts of information, and the occurrence of unexpected scenarios that demand a swift decision. The decision-maker tries to surpass these difficulties through given strategies or cognitive shortcuts, which don't fully remove the possibility of error or bias. Gifted with limited computational capabilities, not unlike every other human, and unable to devise optimal and ideal solutions, the police decision-maker evaluates and decides towards sufficient and satisficing verdicts. Thus, we have developed a qualitative study, in a naturalistic context, regarding the police's decision-making process in the context of three major political events, aiming to deepen our knowledge regarding the decision-making process in a policing context. Under the naturalistic perspective, data was collected through document research, in-situ observation and through the application of think aloud protocols. Our results show that both the experience and knowledge of the police decision-maker play an important role in the decision-making process. Throughout the different stages of a police intervention, these factors influence the decision-maker's ability to evaluate courses of action, as well as to search, manage, and transmit relevant information. It also plays it's part regarding the analysis of informative clues and the hability to anticipate scenarios through mental simulations, via the production of expectations and the reminiscing of past experiences.
The police decision-maker is constrained by a series of cognitive limitations that are inherent to his condition as a human being. He develops his actions in complex, mutable environments, often characterized by both uncertainty and a constant flow of information. Enormous decision-making challenges arise in the form of time constraints, the inability to process and analyse large amounts of information, and the occurrence of unexpected scenarios that demand a swift decision. The decision-maker tries to surpass these difficulties through given strategies or cognitive shortcuts, which don't fully remove the possibility of error or bias. Gifted with limited computational capabilities, not unlike every other human, and unable to devise optimal and ideal solutions, the police decision-maker evaluates and decides towards sufficient and satisficing verdicts. Thus, we have developed a qualitative study, in a naturalistic context, regarding the police's decision-making process in the context of three major political events, aiming to deepen our knowledge regarding the decision-making process in a policing context. Under the naturalistic perspective, data was collected through document research, in-situ observation and through the application of think aloud protocols. Our results show that both the experience and knowledge of the police decision-maker play an important role in the decision-making process. Throughout the different stages of a police intervention, these factors influence the decision-maker's ability to evaluate courses of action, as well as to search, manage, and transmit relevant information. It also plays it's part regarding the analysis of informative clues and the hability to anticipate scenarios through mental simulations, via the production of expectations and the reminiscing of past experiences.
Description
Keywords
Tomada de decisão Polícia Policiamento Grandes eventos políticos Tomada de decisão naturalística