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Abstract(s)
A doença descompressiva afigura-se como um dos maiores problemas no mergulho. Com consequências tão graves como a morte ou uma perda da capacidade motora e cognitiva. O correto e atualizado estudo e acompanhamento das formas de prevenção e tratamento deste problema é crucial para qualquer mergulhador, esteja ele num ambiente recreativo, técnico ou militar.
A prevenção da Doença Descompressiva começa muito antes do mergulho em si. O correto planeamento do mergulho é também essencial para manter níveis de segurança adequados, especialmente quando se praticam mergulhos com uma complexidade maior e, consequentemente, um risco maior. Este planeamento passa por estabelecer patamares de descompressão, tempos de fundo máximos, profundidades máximas, misturas respiratórias adequadas, entre outras.
A ferramenta utilizada para a criação do planeamento é também de extrema relevância. Aqui entram em causa os algoritmos de descompressão e respetivas teorias que os fundamentam. Derivado do método de construção e dos fundamentos que utilizem, diferentes algoritmos sujeitarão mergulhadores a diferentes níveis de risco ou conservadorismo pelo que a escolha do algoritmo mais adequado será importante.
O objetivo deste estudo centra-se, portanto, em determinar qual o algoritmo mais adequado para a prática de mergulho dentro do espetro de operações dos mergulhadores da Marinha Portuguesa.
O método de estudo baseou-se profundamente na utilização da aplicação “Subsurface” onde são integrados os dados do perfil de mergulho e do perfil de descompressão pretendido e, posteriormente, retirados os resultados. Com o presente estudo, conclui-se que o algoritmo desenvolvido por Bühlmann, com o conservadorismo em estudo, é o mais conservador, mas também o mais lento, o algoritmo da United States Navy tem o menor tempo de descompressão associado e, consequentemente, o maior risco de desenvolvimento de Doença Descompressiva e o algoritmo Defence and Civil Institute of Environmetal Medicine oferece um compromisso entre o conservadorismo de Bühlmann e o tempo de descompressão da United States Navy.
Decompression Sickness is now one of the major problems concerning diving. With consequences as severe as death or a loss of motor or cognitive capacity, the correct and up to date follow up of prevention and treatment methods for this problem is crucial for any diver, be it in a recreative, technical or military environment. Decompression Sickness prevention starts long before the dive takes place. The correct dive planning is also essential to maintain adequate safety levels, especially when a more complex and consequently riskier dive is practiced. This planning consists of establishing decompression stops, maximum bottom times, maximum depths, adequate respiratory mixtures, among others. The tool used for the creation of the plan is also of extreme relevance. This is where decompression algorithms and its respective decompression theories are concerned. Deriving from the method of construction and the base theory they use, different algorithms will subject divers to different levels of risk and conservatism, therefore the choice of the most adequate algorithm will be important. The objective of the present research aims to determine which algorithm best suits the diving practices of the Portuguese Navy inside its spectrum of operations. The research method is heavily based in the open-source application “Subsurface” where all dive profile and decompression schedule data are integrated, and the results taken from afterwards. With this research, it is concluded that the algorithm designed by Bühlmann is the most conservative, when using the level of safety observed in this study, but also the slowest in terms of decompression. The United States Navy algorithm has the lesser decompression time associated and consequently the biggest risk of Decompression Sickness developing. The Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine algorithm offers a compromise between the Bühlmann conservatism and the United States Navy decompression time.
Decompression Sickness is now one of the major problems concerning diving. With consequences as severe as death or a loss of motor or cognitive capacity, the correct and up to date follow up of prevention and treatment methods for this problem is crucial for any diver, be it in a recreative, technical or military environment. Decompression Sickness prevention starts long before the dive takes place. The correct dive planning is also essential to maintain adequate safety levels, especially when a more complex and consequently riskier dive is practiced. This planning consists of establishing decompression stops, maximum bottom times, maximum depths, adequate respiratory mixtures, among others. The tool used for the creation of the plan is also of extreme relevance. This is where decompression algorithms and its respective decompression theories are concerned. Deriving from the method of construction and the base theory they use, different algorithms will subject divers to different levels of risk and conservatism, therefore the choice of the most adequate algorithm will be important. The objective of the present research aims to determine which algorithm best suits the diving practices of the Portuguese Navy inside its spectrum of operations. The research method is heavily based in the open-source application “Subsurface” where all dive profile and decompression schedule data are integrated, and the results taken from afterwards. With this research, it is concluded that the algorithm designed by Bühlmann is the most conservative, when using the level of safety observed in this study, but also the slowest in terms of decompression. The United States Navy algorithm has the lesser decompression time associated and consequently the biggest risk of Decompression Sickness developing. The Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine algorithm offers a compromise between the Bühlmann conservatism and the United States Navy decompression time.
Description
Keywords
Doença descompressiva Perfil de mergulho Algoritmo de descompressão Marinha Portuguesa Mergulho