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A vinculação e o afeto na idade adulta : um estudo comparativo entre vítimas e não vítimas de abuso sexual na infância
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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: O impacto do abuso sexual na vida da criança pode perdurar na idade adulta, manifestando-se em dificuldades emocionais e comportamentais, como pensamentos intrusivos negativos e comportamentos autodestrutivos. A vivência do abuso sexual infantil, combinada com um ambiente familiar de vinculações inseguras, pode comprometer a capacidade de estabelecer relações afetivas saudáveis e a regulação emocional na idade adulta. Estes indivíduos tendem a adotar estratégias maladaptativas
de regulação emocional, experienciando mais emoções negativas, resultando numa diminuição da qualidade de vida. Objetivos: O presente estudo, tem como objetivos comparar vítimas e não vítimas de abuso sexual na infância, no que se refere à vivência de experiências adversas na infância, à vinculação na idade adulta e aos afetos positivos e negativos, e verificar a relação entre a vitimação na infância a vinculação e os afetos
na adulticía. O presente estudo teve também como objetivo, verificar os preditores dos
afetos positivos e negativos. Método e Procedimentos: A amostra é constituída por 481 indivíduos portugueses da população geral, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 78 anos (M = 44.04, DP = 13.25). Esta foi recolhida através de um protocolo de investigação online, que incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico, o questionário sobre as Experiências Adversas na Infância (ACEs), a Escala de Vinculação do Adulto
(EVA) e o Questionário de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (PANAS). Resultados: As vítimas de abuso sexual apresentaram pontuações significativamente mais elevadas em todas as subescalas do ACEs. Verificaram-se também níveis mais elevados de vinculações ansiosas e afetos negativos, bem como níveis mais baixos de conforto com a proximidade, confiança nos outros e afetos positivos nas vítimas de abuso sexual. O
conforto com a proximidade e a confiança nos outros são preditores significativos dos afetos positivos, enquanto a vinculação ansiosa, o abuso emocional e a confiança nos outros são preditores significativos dos afetos negativos. Conclusões: Os resultados demonstram que experiências adversas precoces, em especial o abuso sexual, estão associadas a padrões de vinculação inseguros e à presença de emoções negativas na
idade adulta, podendo comprometer o bem-estar emocional dos indivíduos.
Background: The impact of sexual abuse on a child's life can persist into adulthood, manifesting in emotional and behavioral challenges, such as intrusive negative thoughts and self-destructive behaviors. The experience of childhood sexual abuse, combined with an insecure family environment, compromises the ability to establish healthy emotional relationships and emotional regulation in adulthood. These individuals tend to adopt maladaptive emotional regulation strategies, which can lead to increased negative emotions and a decline in quality of life. Objectives: The present study aims to compare victims and non-victims of childhood sexual abuse in terms of adverse childhood experiences, attachment in adulthood, and positive and negative affect, and to examine the relationship between childhood victimization, attachment, and affect in adulthood. The study also aimed to explore the predictors of positive and negative affect. Method and Procedures: The sample consists of 481 Portuguese individuals from the general population, aged between 18 and 78 years (M = 44.04, SD = 13.25). It was collected through an online research protocol, which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: Victims of sexual abuse had significantly higher scores on all ACEs subscales. Higher levels of anxious attachment and negative affect, as well as lower levels of comfort with closeness, trust in others, and positive affect, were also found in victims of sexual abuse. Comfort with closeness and trust in others are significant predictors of positive affect, while anxious attachment, emotional abuse, and trust in others are significant predictors of negative affect. Conclusions: The results revealed that early adverse experiences, especially sexual abuse, are associated with insecure attachment patterns and the presence of negative emotions in adulthood, which can compromise individuals' emotional well-being.
Background: The impact of sexual abuse on a child's life can persist into adulthood, manifesting in emotional and behavioral challenges, such as intrusive negative thoughts and self-destructive behaviors. The experience of childhood sexual abuse, combined with an insecure family environment, compromises the ability to establish healthy emotional relationships and emotional regulation in adulthood. These individuals tend to adopt maladaptive emotional regulation strategies, which can lead to increased negative emotions and a decline in quality of life. Objectives: The present study aims to compare victims and non-victims of childhood sexual abuse in terms of adverse childhood experiences, attachment in adulthood, and positive and negative affect, and to examine the relationship between childhood victimization, attachment, and affect in adulthood. The study also aimed to explore the predictors of positive and negative affect. Method and Procedures: The sample consists of 481 Portuguese individuals from the general population, aged between 18 and 78 years (M = 44.04, SD = 13.25). It was collected through an online research protocol, which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Scale (EVA), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: Victims of sexual abuse had significantly higher scores on all ACEs subscales. Higher levels of anxious attachment and negative affect, as well as lower levels of comfort with closeness, trust in others, and positive affect, were also found in victims of sexual abuse. Comfort with closeness and trust in others are significant predictors of positive affect, while anxious attachment, emotional abuse, and trust in others are significant predictors of negative affect. Conclusions: The results revealed that early adverse experiences, especially sexual abuse, are associated with insecure attachment patterns and the presence of negative emotions in adulthood, which can compromise individuals' emotional well-being.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Abuso sexual Vinculação Afetos negativos Afetos positivos