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Da prova pessoal: um perigo real para os direitos fundamentais
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A recolha de informações, centrada na prova pessoal, constitui uma fonte de orientação de toda a atividade policial e de guia da investigação criminal, em sede processual penal, com vista ao esclarecimento da verdade dos factos. A denominada «fase pré-processual», declinada pelos cultores da doutrina como uma etapa do processo, assume-se como um momento de extrema importância na obtenção das finalidades do mesmo. No entanto, a intuição de restrição e possível violação dos direitos e liberdades fundamentais pessoais, decorrente de uma ação dos OPC sem a prévia intervenção e fiscalização judiciária e da ambiguidade trazida pelo art. 249.º, n.º 2, al. b) do CPP, convoca uma série de raciocínios e implicâncias. Por apego à lei fundamental, a prevenção e repressão da criminalidade jamais pode ser “cega” ou esquivar-se da noção do Homem como pilar supremo da ordem jurídica. Contudo, os imperativos que derivam das necessidades de segurança colidem com os direitos fundamentais constituintes da pessoa humana. Nestes termos, a concordância prática entre a liberdade individual e a segurança coletiva, corporizada no equilíbrio entre a aquisição da prova e as garantias do arguido impõe que se proceda a uma restrição dos direitos, liberdades e garantias, até ao limite necessário para salvaguardar outros direitos ou interesses constitucionalmente protegidos. É com base nestas considerações que os OPC colhem informações de todas as pessoas que facilitem a descoberta dos agentes do crime e a sua reconstituição, devendo as pessoas responder com verdade.
The collection of information, focusing on personal proof, is a source of guidance for all the police activity and a guide for the criminal investigation, based on criminal procedure, in order to clarify the truth of the facts. The so-called ‘pre-procedural phasis’, dismissed by the mainstream thinking as a process step, is assumed as a point of utmost importance in achieving the purposes of the same. However, the intuition of restriction and possible violation of personal rights and freedoms arising from an action of OPC without prior judicial intervention and supervision and ambiguity brought by article 249, nr. 2, al. b) CPP, causes a series of arguments and bickering. For attachment to the fundamental law, the prevention and suppression of crime can never be “blind” or dodge the notion of man as a pillar of the supreme law. However, the imperatives that derive from the security requirements conflict with the fundamental rights of the individual. Accordingly, the practical agreement between individual freedom and collective security embodied in the balance between the acquisition of evidence and guarantees of the accused requires that there should be a restriction of the rights, freedoms and guarantees, to the extent necessary to safeguard other rights or constitutionally protected interests. It is based on these considerations that the OPC gathers information of all persons to facilitate the discovery of perpetrators and of crime reconstitution, and all those involved must answer truthfully. Keywords: information gathering; precautionary police measures; personal proof
The collection of information, focusing on personal proof, is a source of guidance for all the police activity and a guide for the criminal investigation, based on criminal procedure, in order to clarify the truth of the facts. The so-called ‘pre-procedural phasis’, dismissed by the mainstream thinking as a process step, is assumed as a point of utmost importance in achieving the purposes of the same. However, the intuition of restriction and possible violation of personal rights and freedoms arising from an action of OPC without prior judicial intervention and supervision and ambiguity brought by article 249, nr. 2, al. b) CPP, causes a series of arguments and bickering. For attachment to the fundamental law, the prevention and suppression of crime can never be “blind” or dodge the notion of man as a pillar of the supreme law. However, the imperatives that derive from the security requirements conflict with the fundamental rights of the individual. Accordingly, the practical agreement between individual freedom and collective security embodied in the balance between the acquisition of evidence and guarantees of the accused requires that there should be a restriction of the rights, freedoms and guarantees, to the extent necessary to safeguard other rights or constitutionally protected interests. It is based on these considerations that the OPC gathers information of all persons to facilitate the discovery of perpetrators and of crime reconstitution, and all those involved must answer truthfully. Keywords: information gathering; precautionary police measures; personal proof
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recolha de informação medidas cautelares e de policia prova pessoal direitos fundamentais