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Acufenos e saúde mental : avaliação e intervenção na população em geral
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A ansiedade e/ou depressão contribuem para a incapacidade de o indivíduo realizar tarefas diárias, afetando o sono e causando insónia constante. As perturbações do sono estão associadas à ocorrência de acufenos e perturbações mentais. O acufeno, sintoma caracterizado pela perceção de um som, toque ou assobio, na ausência de estímulo externo.
Objetivos: Elaborar, implementar e avaliar um programa de intervenção que visa a promoção da saúde numa população adulta com sintomas de Acufenos - TT&MH.
Metodologia: Em T0 realizaram-se quatro questionários on-line (Questionário Sociodemográfico e Saúde, Questionário de Avaliação dos Zumbidos (THI), Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21) e Versão em Português Europeu do Instrumento Abreviado de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHOQOL-Bref)), de modo a avaliar a prevalência dos acufenos e selecionar a amostra
para a intervenção; em T1 realizou-se a avaliação audiológica (otoscopia, impedanciometria, otoemissões acústicas de supressão, audiograma tonal simples e acufenometria) à amostra com acufenos. Implementou-se a intervenção, em dois grupos distintos, dez sessões on-line, três vezes por semana, em horário pós-laboral. Em T2, após a intervenção, realizaram-se novamente os questionários (THI, EADS-21 e WHOQOL-
Bref) de modo a analisar a eficácia da intervenção. Resultados: Relativamente ao questionário THI, verificamos uma melhoria na classificação da gravidade do acufeno, onde passa a constar 72,7% grau reduzido e 27,3% grau ligeiro, deixando de existir o grau moderado nos resultados, após a intervenção. Quanto ao questionário EADS-21, as três categorias (stress, ansiedade e depressão) melhoraram os seus valores, diminuindo os mesmos (antes: stress: M=6,77 ± 4,89; ansiedade: M=3,64 ± 3,75 e depressão: M=4,64 ± 4,06; depois: stress: M=5,36 ± 4,16; ansiedade: M=3,23 ± 4,22 e depressão: M=4,09 ± 4,92). Por fim, quanto ao questionário WHOQOL-Bref, podemos concluir e referir que a melhoria mais notória foi na categoria físico, relações sociais e meio ambiente, existindo ainda 72,7% com uma qualidade de vida de um modo geral, a necessitar de melhorar.
Conclusões: O presente estudo permitiu perceber a prevalência dos acufenos na população em geral, 22%, tendo um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida e na saúde mental. A intervenção implementada permitiu na diminuição da gravidade dos acufenos e a melhoria de saúde mental.
Introduction: Anxiety and/or depression contribute to the individual's inability to perform daily tasks, affecting sleep and causing constant insomnia. Sleep disorders are associated with the occurrence of tinnitus and mental disorders. Tinnitus, a symptom characterized by the perception of a sound, touch or whistle, in the absence of an external stimulus. Aims:To design, implement, and evaluate an intervention program aimed at health promotion in an adult population with tinnitus symptoms - TT&MH. Methodology: At T0, four online questionnaires (Sociodemographic and Health Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Questionnaire (THI), Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale, 21 items (EADS-21) and the European Portuguese Version of the World Health Organization's Abbreviated Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref)) were performed in order to assess the prevalence of tinnitus and select the sample for the intervention; at T1, the audiological evaluation (otoscopy, impedance testing, acoustic suppression otoemissions, simple tonal audiogram, and acufenometry) was performed on the sample with tinnitus. The intervention was implemented, in two distinct groups of ten online sessions, three times a week, in an after-labor schedule. At T2, after the intervention, the questionnaires (THI, EADS-21, and WHOQOL-Bref) were performed again to analyse the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: Concerning the THI questionnaire, there was an improvement in the classification of the severity of the tinnitus, where 72,7% of the cases were low grade and 27,3% were mild grade, and there was no longer a moderate grade in the results after the intervention. As for the EADS-21 questionnaire, the three categories (stress, anxiety and depression) improved their values, decreasing them (before: stress: M=6,77 ± 4,89; anxiety: M=3,64 ± 3,75 and depression: M=4,64 ± 4,06; after: stress: M=5,36 ± 4,16; anxiety: M=3,23 ± 4,22 and depression: M=4,09 ± 4,92). Finally, as for the WHOQOL- Bref questionnaire, we can conclude and refer that the most notable improvement was in the physical, social relationships and environment categories, with 72,7% still having a general quality of life in need of improvement. Conclusions: The present study made it possible to perceive the prevalence of tinnitus in the general population, 22%, having a negative impact on quality of life and mental health. The implemented intervention allowed for a decrease in the severity of tinnitus and an improvement in mental health.
Introduction: Anxiety and/or depression contribute to the individual's inability to perform daily tasks, affecting sleep and causing constant insomnia. Sleep disorders are associated with the occurrence of tinnitus and mental disorders. Tinnitus, a symptom characterized by the perception of a sound, touch or whistle, in the absence of an external stimulus. Aims:To design, implement, and evaluate an intervention program aimed at health promotion in an adult population with tinnitus symptoms - TT&MH. Methodology: At T0, four online questionnaires (Sociodemographic and Health Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Questionnaire (THI), Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale, 21 items (EADS-21) and the European Portuguese Version of the World Health Organization's Abbreviated Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref)) were performed in order to assess the prevalence of tinnitus and select the sample for the intervention; at T1, the audiological evaluation (otoscopy, impedance testing, acoustic suppression otoemissions, simple tonal audiogram, and acufenometry) was performed on the sample with tinnitus. The intervention was implemented, in two distinct groups of ten online sessions, three times a week, in an after-labor schedule. At T2, after the intervention, the questionnaires (THI, EADS-21, and WHOQOL-Bref) were performed again to analyse the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: Concerning the THI questionnaire, there was an improvement in the classification of the severity of the tinnitus, where 72,7% of the cases were low grade and 27,3% were mild grade, and there was no longer a moderate grade in the results after the intervention. As for the EADS-21 questionnaire, the three categories (stress, anxiety and depression) improved their values, decreasing them (before: stress: M=6,77 ± 4,89; anxiety: M=3,64 ± 3,75 and depression: M=4,64 ± 4,06; after: stress: M=5,36 ± 4,16; anxiety: M=3,23 ± 4,22 and depression: M=4,09 ± 4,92). Finally, as for the WHOQOL- Bref questionnaire, we can conclude and refer that the most notable improvement was in the physical, social relationships and environment categories, with 72,7% still having a general quality of life in need of improvement. Conclusions: The present study made it possible to perceive the prevalence of tinnitus in the general population, 22%, having a negative impact on quality of life and mental health. The implemented intervention allowed for a decrease in the severity of tinnitus and an improvement in mental health.
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Keywords
Saúde Acufenos Sono Stress Ansiedade Depressão Intervenção