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Casos de estudo de avaliação da eficácia de tratamentos pré germinativos a sementes de medronheiro dos anos 2018 a 2023 e na aclimatização e enraizamento ex vitro a eficácia de diferentes substratos e adição de nutrientes.
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Abstract(s)
Neste trabalho foram realizados dois ensaios no âmbito do programa de melhoramento do medronheiro, espécie autóctone e resiliente a diversas condições edafoclimáticas. No primeiro ensaio, tendo como objetivo avaliar tratamentos pré-germinativos para a comercialização de semente do pomar produtor de sementes certificado pelo ICNF, na categoria de material qualificado e registado com o código ARBUQ001, foi instalado um ensaio (I) para avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos na germinação de semente (lotes de 2018 a 2023). Os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes períodos de estratificação húmida a frio (4ºC), adição de ácido giberélico (GA3, em diferentes concentrações) e a combinação de ambos. Testou-se ainda três condições de sementeira, 1- caixas de germinação, 2- sementeira em alfobre e 3- sementeira direta. No segundo ensaio (II) tendo como objetivo melhorar o processo de enraizamento ex vitro e aclimatização, para aplicação em larga escala, redução do período de tempo, custos e obtenção de melhores taxas de sobrevivência foram testados diferentes substratos, BioBizz (S1), SiroFlorestal (S2), mistura de Turfa:Perlite (S3) e, ainda, a adição de um estimulante radicular (Rhizotonic) ou ectomicorrizas (Micofora) em S2 e S3 e em S3 adição de fósforo, calcário e adubo de libertação controlada em diferentes combinações.As melhores taxas de germinação foram observadas nas condições 2 e 3 e foram dependentes do genótipo (família/acesso). As sementes de 2020 e 2021 obtiveram melhores taxas de germinação. Os melhores tratamentos para promover a germinação foram o tratamento 1, 1 semana de estratificação, na condição 2. E na condição 3 os tratamentos 7 com 100 % germinação e os tratamentos 8, 9 e C respetivamente, 7 e 8 são tratamentos com combinação de adição de GA3 nas concentrações de 1000 mg/L e 2000 mg/L e 30 dias estratificação; tratamento 9, adição de GA3 na concentração de 2000 mg/L sem estratificação e por último o controlo (sem qualquer tratamento pré-germinativo).Os resultados para o ensaio de aclimatização mostram que os melhores substratos são o BioBizz e a SiroFlorestal. A adição de Rhizotonic não foi relevante. A sobrevivência foi dependente do tratamento. O clone 1001 apresentou melhor sobrevivência comparativamente a 8001. No entanto, este apresentou melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo e radicular. O fósforo foi um elemento adicionado em excesso no ensaio e foi prejudicial à sobrevivência. A adição de micorrizas no substrato SiroFlorestal melhorou significativamente a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento vegetativo.
In this work, two tests were carried out under the breeding program of the strawberry tree, an autochthonous species that is resilient to various edaphoclimatic conditions. In the first test, with the objective of evaluating pre-germination treatments for the commercialization of seed from the seed producing orchard certified by the ICNF, in the category of qualified material and registered with the ARBUQ001 code, a test (I) was installed to evaluate the effect of different pre-germination treatments on seed germination (lots from 2018 to 2023). The treatments consisted of different periods of wet to cold stratification (4ºC), addition of gibberellic acid (GA3, in different concentrations) and the combination of both. Three sowing conditions were also tested, 1-germination boxes, 2-sowing in alfobre and 3-direct sowing. In the second test (II), with the objective of improving the process of ex vitro rooting and acclimatization, for large-scale application, reduction of time, costs and obtaining better survival rates, different substrates were tested, BioBizz (S1), SiroFlorestal (S2), mix de Turfa:Perlite (S3) and, also, the addition of a root stimulant (Rhizotonic) or ectomycorrhizae (Micofora) in S2 and S3 and in S3 addition of phosphorus, limestone and controlled-release fertilizer in different combinations.The best germination rates were observed under conditions 2 and 3 and were genotype-dependent (family/accession). The 2020 and 2021 seeds obtained higher germination rates. The best treatments to promote germination were treatment 1, 1 week of stratification in condition 2. And in condition 3, treatment 7 with 100% germination and treatments 8, 9 and C respectively, 7 and 8 are treatments with combination of addition of GA3 at concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L and 30 days stratification; treatment 9, addition of GA3 at concentration of 2000 mg/L without stratification and finally C, the control (without any pre-germinative treatment).The results for the acclimatization test show that the best substrates are BioBizz and SiroFlorestal. The addition of Rhizotonic was not relevant. Survival was dependent on treatment. Clone 1001 showed better survival compared to 8001. However, it showed better vegetative and root development. Phosphorus was an element added in excess in the trial and was detrimental to survival. The addition of mycorrhizae to SiroForestal significantly improved survival and vegetative development.
In this work, two tests were carried out under the breeding program of the strawberry tree, an autochthonous species that is resilient to various edaphoclimatic conditions. In the first test, with the objective of evaluating pre-germination treatments for the commercialization of seed from the seed producing orchard certified by the ICNF, in the category of qualified material and registered with the ARBUQ001 code, a test (I) was installed to evaluate the effect of different pre-germination treatments on seed germination (lots from 2018 to 2023). The treatments consisted of different periods of wet to cold stratification (4ºC), addition of gibberellic acid (GA3, in different concentrations) and the combination of both. Three sowing conditions were also tested, 1-germination boxes, 2-sowing in alfobre and 3-direct sowing. In the second test (II), with the objective of improving the process of ex vitro rooting and acclimatization, for large-scale application, reduction of time, costs and obtaining better survival rates, different substrates were tested, BioBizz (S1), SiroFlorestal (S2), mix de Turfa:Perlite (S3) and, also, the addition of a root stimulant (Rhizotonic) or ectomycorrhizae (Micofora) in S2 and S3 and in S3 addition of phosphorus, limestone and controlled-release fertilizer in different combinations.The best germination rates were observed under conditions 2 and 3 and were genotype-dependent (family/accession). The 2020 and 2021 seeds obtained higher germination rates. The best treatments to promote germination were treatment 1, 1 week of stratification in condition 2. And in condition 3, treatment 7 with 100% germination and treatments 8, 9 and C respectively, 7 and 8 are treatments with combination of addition of GA3 at concentrations of 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L and 30 days stratification; treatment 9, addition of GA3 at concentration of 2000 mg/L without stratification and finally C, the control (without any pre-germinative treatment).The results for the acclimatization test show that the best substrates are BioBizz and SiroFlorestal. The addition of Rhizotonic was not relevant. Survival was dependent on treatment. Clone 1001 showed better survival compared to 8001. However, it showed better vegetative and root development. Phosphorus was an element added in excess in the trial and was detrimental to survival. The addition of mycorrhizae to SiroForestal significantly improved survival and vegetative development.
Description
Keywords
Ácido giberélico Clones Estratificação a frio Produção de plantas