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Planeamento cirúrgico 3D em cirurgia oral e maxilofacial
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Abstract(s)
A cirurgia oral e maxilofacial estão em constante crescimento e desenvolvimento, para cada vez mais, apresentarem resultados mais eficazes e menos traumáticos para os doentes. Sendo procedimentos de risco que envolvem um estudo minucioso do crânio e de todas as estruturas faciais, o desenvolvimento tecnológico tem vindo a criar uma alternativa viável que vem simplificar todo este procedimento.
Cada doente tem a sua estrutura facial específica, tornando assim cada caso único e inovador. Isto leva à inevitabilidade da realização de uma anamnese e uma recolha de toda a informação pertinente para que se possa realizar um diagnóstico e plano de tratamento mais integralizado possível. Devido à complexidade do tratamento a realizar, é importante que o médico dentista e o cirurgião maxilofacial estejam o melhor preparados possível para trabalharem em conjunto durante o planeamento pré e pós operatório, de maneira a fornecer ao doente o máximo de apoio e informação para que todo o procedimento seja realizado de maneira mais correta e eficaz. Devido à sua complexidade, o sucesso deste tipo de cirurgias está dependente de vários fatores, principalmente o seu estudo prévio, a precisão dos movimentos esqueléticos, o diagnóstico da deformidade óssea e do planeamento dos movimentos pós cirúrgicos. Métodos convencionais de estudo tais como cefalometria bidimensional (2D), modelos de estudo e radiografias panorâmicas, revelaram-se por vezes insuficientes visto não conseguirem reproduzir os complexos movimentos e estruturas tridimensionais envolventes nos mesmos.
Nesta revisão será descrito o planeamento cirúrgico, através de métodos tridimensionais para cirurgia oral e maxilofacial, no âmbito da implantologia. A avaliação da sua precisão, da sua fiabilidade e da sua eficácia traduzem-se assim numa maior taxa de sucesso.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery are in constant development and growth to deliver each time a more efficient, less traumatizing treatment with better results for the patient. Being high risk procedures, it is very important that a very thorough study of the cranium and all facial structures adjacent to the procedure is conducted. Technological upgrades have created a viable alternative that have come to simplify the entire process. As each patient has his own facial structure, therefore every case is unique and challenging in a different way. It is very important to have a very detailed medical history and to gather as much information as possible of the patient so a complete diagnosis and treatment plan can be achieved. Having this in consideration it is important that the maxillofacial surgeon and the dentist work as a team during the whole pre and post operation planning, assuring that way a better procedure to the patient as well as always being available to provide concise and important information. Due to the high complexity of this kind of surgeries, there are many factors that can disrupt the procedure, enhancing the importance of a proper plan. A well though plan having in mind the skeletal movements, a correct diagnostic of the bone and dental deformity, and the post operation recuperation, requires careful study. Current conventional methods of study such as bidimensional cefalometrics and panoramic radiographics may provide insufficient information to cover all the complex three- dimensional movements and structures affected by this kind of procedures. This literature review aims to describe the surgical planning using 3D dimensional methods (3D) as well as an evaluation on their effectiveness, its precision and its success rate.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery are in constant development and growth to deliver each time a more efficient, less traumatizing treatment with better results for the patient. Being high risk procedures, it is very important that a very thorough study of the cranium and all facial structures adjacent to the procedure is conducted. Technological upgrades have created a viable alternative that have come to simplify the entire process. As each patient has his own facial structure, therefore every case is unique and challenging in a different way. It is very important to have a very detailed medical history and to gather as much information as possible of the patient so a complete diagnosis and treatment plan can be achieved. Having this in consideration it is important that the maxillofacial surgeon and the dentist work as a team during the whole pre and post operation planning, assuring that way a better procedure to the patient as well as always being available to provide concise and important information. Due to the high complexity of this kind of surgeries, there are many factors that can disrupt the procedure, enhancing the importance of a proper plan. A well though plan having in mind the skeletal movements, a correct diagnostic of the bone and dental deformity, and the post operation recuperation, requires careful study. Current conventional methods of study such as bidimensional cefalometrics and panoramic radiographics may provide insufficient information to cover all the complex three- dimensional movements and structures affected by this kind of procedures. This literature review aims to describe the surgical planning using 3D dimensional methods (3D) as well as an evaluation on their effectiveness, its precision and its success rate.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Planeamento 3D Cirurgia Maxilofacial