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Microdosagem de compostos psicadélicos : impactos farmacológicos, neuropsicológicos e potencial terapêutico
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A microdosagem de substâncias psicoativas, como o LSD (dietilamida do ácido lisérgico) ou a psilocibina (dos cogumelos alucinogénios), refere-se à prática de ingerir quantidades extremamente baixas dessas substâncias, frequentemente inferiores a 10% de uma dose recreativa, insuficientes para causar alucinações. Esta prática tem interesse, tanto na comunidade científica como na população em geral. Embora os efeitos dos compostos psicadélicos a nível do sistema nervoso central sejam estudados desde a década de 1950, o interesse pela microdosagem é relativamente recente, emergindo no início dos anos 2000.
Os compostos psicadélicos tradicionais, como o LSD e a psilocibina, atuam principalmente como agonistas dos recetores serotoninérgicos 5-HT₂A no cérebro, que têm um papel crucial na regulação do humor, na cognição e na perceção. Em microdosagem, estas substâncias têm a capacidade de afetar os circuitos cerebrais sem provocar os estados alterados de consciência típicos de doses recreativas.
Esta tese pretende explorar os mecanismos farmacológicos da microdosagem de psicoativos, com foco nos seus efeitos neurobiológicos, psicológicos e comportamentais.
Será dada especial atenção à avaliação dos potenciais benefícios no tratamento de perturbações psiquiátricas, como a depressão, a ansiedade e as perturbações do humor.
Relatos de utilizadores sugerem vários benefícios associados à microdosagem, incluindo melhorias no humor, com redução de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, estimulação cognitiva, com aumento da concentração, criatividade e produtividade, e redução do stress, com melhor gestão emocional e relacional, podendo ainda oferecer apoio a pessoas que sofrem de anorexia. Além disso, algumas pesquisas indicam que os compostos psicadélicos, mesmo em doses baixas, podem promover a neuroplasticidade, incentivando o crescimento e a conectividade neuronal.
Por fim, esta tese pretende incluir uma revisão de estudos clínicos recentes para fundamentar cientificamente esta prática, considerando também os riscos potenciais, os aspetos éticos e as implicações regulamentares associados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas em doses baixas.
Microdosing psychoactive substances, such as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) or psilocybin (from hallucinogenic mushrooms), refers to the practice of ingesting extremely low quantities of these substances, often less than 10% of a recreational dose, which are insufficient to cause hallucinations. This practice is of interest to both the scientific community and the general population. Although the effects of psychedelic compoundson the central nervous system have been studied since the 1950s, interest in microdosing is relatively recent, emerging in the early 2000s. Traditional psychedelic compounds, such as LSD and psilocybin, act mainly as agonists of serotoninergic 5-HT₂A receptors in the brain, which play a crucial role in regulating mood, cognition and perception. When microdosed, these substances have the ability to affect brain circuits without causing the altered states of consciousness typical of recreational doses. This thesis aims to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of microdosing psychoactive drugs, with a focus on their neurobiological, psychological and behavioral effects. Particular attention will be paid to evaluating the potential benefits in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and mood disorders. User reports suggest several benefits associated with microdosing, including improvements in mood, with reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive stimulation, with increased concentration, creativity and productivity, and stress reduction, with better emotional and relational management, and it may also offer support to people suffering from anorexia. In addition, some research indicates that psychedelic compounds, even at low doses, can promote neuroplasticity, encouraging neuronal growth and connectivity. Finally, this thesis aims to include a review of recent clinical studies to scientifically substantiate this practice, while also considering the potential risks, ethical aspects and regulatory implications associated with the use of low-dose psychoactive substances.
Microdosing psychoactive substances, such as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) or psilocybin (from hallucinogenic mushrooms), refers to the practice of ingesting extremely low quantities of these substances, often less than 10% of a recreational dose, which are insufficient to cause hallucinations. This practice is of interest to both the scientific community and the general population. Although the effects of psychedelic compoundson the central nervous system have been studied since the 1950s, interest in microdosing is relatively recent, emerging in the early 2000s. Traditional psychedelic compounds, such as LSD and psilocybin, act mainly as agonists of serotoninergic 5-HT₂A receptors in the brain, which play a crucial role in regulating mood, cognition and perception. When microdosed, these substances have the ability to affect brain circuits without causing the altered states of consciousness typical of recreational doses. This thesis aims to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of microdosing psychoactive drugs, with a focus on their neurobiological, psychological and behavioral effects. Particular attention will be paid to evaluating the potential benefits in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and mood disorders. User reports suggest several benefits associated with microdosing, including improvements in mood, with reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive stimulation, with increased concentration, creativity and productivity, and stress reduction, with better emotional and relational management, and it may also offer support to people suffering from anorexia. In addition, some research indicates that psychedelic compounds, even at low doses, can promote neuroplasticity, encouraging neuronal growth and connectivity. Finally, this thesis aims to include a review of recent clinical studies to scientifically substantiate this practice, while also considering the potential risks, ethical aspects and regulatory implications associated with the use of low-dose psychoactive substances.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
LSD Psilocibina Microdosagem Depressão Ansiedade