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Sorriso gengival : etiologia, diagnóstico e abordagens terapêuticas
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 3.81 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O sorriso constitui um elemento-chave na comunicação não verbal e sua estética é influenciada por características como: a linha dos lábios, o arco do sorriso, a curvatura do lábio superior, os corredores bucais, a simetria, o plano oclusal anterior e os componentes dentários e gengivais.
As evidências atuais indicam que sorrir pode tornar-se uma verdadeira fonte de preocupação quando não corresponde aos critérios estéticos atuais. O objetivo deste trabalho é efetuar uma revisão narrativa sobre a etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do sorriso gengival.
O sorriso gengival é caracterizado pela exposição excessiva da gengiva, definida quando mais de 3 mm de gengiva forem visíveis durante um sorriso contido. Cerca de 10% da população entre os 20 e 30 anos de idade apresenta essa condição, com maior prevalência em mulheres.
A etiologia é diversa: erupção passiva alterada, crescimento vertical excessivo da maxila, extrusão dento-alveolar, lábio superior curto ou hipermóvel, aumento gengival induzido por placa ou medicamentos, ou uma combinação dos vários fatores anteriores.
O tratamento requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, envolvendo dentistas generalistas, ortodontistas, periodontologistas, cirurgiões maxilofaciais, técnicos em prótese dentária.
As opções terapêuticas variam conforme a causa. Em casos de erupção passiva alterada, a gengivectomia convencional ou a laser são indicadas. Novas modalidades, como dispositivos implantáveis de PEEK ou PMMA, surgem como alternativas para casos selecionados.
Além disso, o sorriso é um fenômeno dinâmico, que depende da ação coordenada dos lábios e músculos faciais. Em casos de hiperatividade do lábio superior, tratamentos com injetáveis, como toxina botulínica e ácido hialurônico, podem ser eficazes.
The smile constitutes a key element in nonverbal communication, and its aesthetics are influenced by features such as the lip line, smile arc, curvature of the upper lip, buccal corridors, symmetry, anterior occlusal plane, and dental and gingival components. Current evidence indicates that smiling can become a genuine source of concern when it does not meet contemporary aesthetic standards. The objective of this work is to conduct a narrative review on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the gummy smile. The gummy smile is characterized by excessive gingival display, defined when more than 3 mm of gingiva is visible during a controlled smile. Approximately 10% of the population between 20 and 30 years old presents this condition, with a higher prevalence in women. Etiology is diverse, including altered passive eruption, excessive vertical maxillary growth, dentoalveolar extrusion, a short or hypermobile upper lip, gingival enlargement induced by plaque or medications, or a combination of these factors. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving general dentists, orthodontists, periodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, and dental prosthesis technicians. Therapeutic options vary according to the cause. In cases of altered passive eruption, conventional or laser gingivectomy is indicated. New modalities, such as implantable devices made of PEEK or PMMA, have emerged as alternatives for selected cases. Moreover, the smile is a dynamic phenomenon that depends on the coordinated action of the lips and facial muscles. In cases of upper lip hyperactivity, injectable treatments, such as botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, may be effective. The smile is dynamic and involves coordinated action of the lips and facial muscles. In cases of upper lip hyperactivity, injectable treatments such as botulinum toxin or hyaluronic acid may be considered.
The smile constitutes a key element in nonverbal communication, and its aesthetics are influenced by features such as the lip line, smile arc, curvature of the upper lip, buccal corridors, symmetry, anterior occlusal plane, and dental and gingival components. Current evidence indicates that smiling can become a genuine source of concern when it does not meet contemporary aesthetic standards. The objective of this work is to conduct a narrative review on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the gummy smile. The gummy smile is characterized by excessive gingival display, defined when more than 3 mm of gingiva is visible during a controlled smile. Approximately 10% of the population between 20 and 30 years old presents this condition, with a higher prevalence in women. Etiology is diverse, including altered passive eruption, excessive vertical maxillary growth, dentoalveolar extrusion, a short or hypermobile upper lip, gingival enlargement induced by plaque or medications, or a combination of these factors. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving general dentists, orthodontists, periodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, and dental prosthesis technicians. Therapeutic options vary according to the cause. In cases of altered passive eruption, conventional or laser gingivectomy is indicated. New modalities, such as implantable devices made of PEEK or PMMA, have emerged as alternatives for selected cases. Moreover, the smile is a dynamic phenomenon that depends on the coordinated action of the lips and facial muscles. In cases of upper lip hyperactivity, injectable treatments, such as botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid, may be effective. The smile is dynamic and involves coordinated action of the lips and facial muscles. In cases of upper lip hyperactivity, injectable treatments such as botulinum toxin or hyaluronic acid may be considered.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Sorriso gengival Gengivectomia Toxina botulínica PEEK