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Caracterização do padrão de consumo de psicofármacos em estudantes universitários
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A prevalência das doenças mentais, em estudantes universitários, tem vindo a aumentar ao longo do tempo e são escassos os estudos que se focam no padrão de consumo de psicofármacos e sintomas de insónia, depressão e ansiedade/stress.
Objetivos: Caracterizar o padrão de consumo de psicofármacos nos estudantes universitários e caracterizar a sua qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna, sintomas depressivos e stress percecionado.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal (Fevereiro-Julho 2024), através do desenvolvimento e disseminação de um questionário aplicado a estudantes universitários (amostra prevista de 384 estudantes). Este questionário foi disseminado através das redes sociais e de instituições de ensino e pretendia oferecer uma caracterização sociodemográfica da amostra, da sua carga horária letiva e/ou laboral, do consumo de
psicofármacos e da prevalência de sonolência diurna, qualidade de sono, sintomas depressivos e stress percecionado. Os resultados foram tratados com recurso a estatística uni- e bivariada (IBM SPSS v.29).
Resultados: Dos 354 participantes, a maioria era do sexo feminino (71,8%; n=254) com uma idade média de 20 ± 2,3 anos. Em relação ao consumo de psicofármacos, observouse que, 37,5% (n=99) já consumiu psicofármacos e 10,5% (n=37) ainda consumia atualmente, sendo que a classe mais utilizada os antidepressivos, nomeadamente os ISRS.
Em termos de sintomas, verificou-se que a maioria dos estudantes apresentavam sonolência diurna excessiva (51,7%; n=183), pobre qualidade de sono (85,0%; n=301), sintomas depressivos ligeiros a moderados (59,9%; n=212) e um stress percecionado médio de 20,52 ± 7,02 pontos. Estes resultados foram ainda mais significativos quando observados apenas no grupo que consumia psicofármacos.
Conclusão: Verificou-se que uma percentagem ainda importante da amostra que consumia psicofármacos, apresentando também uma percentagem importante de sintomas de insónia, depressão e ansiedade. Estes dados são preocupantes, porque podem apontar para uma percentagem de estudantes não medicados ou que podem vir a desenvolver no futuro perturbações mentais.
Introduction: The prevalence of mental health disorders among university students has been increasing over time, and there are few studies focusing on the pattern of psychotropic drug use and symptoms of insomnia, depression, and anxiety/stress. Objectives: To characterize the pattern of psychotropic drug use among university students and assess their sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (February-July 2024) through the development and dissemination of a questionnaire distributed to university students (with a projected sample of 384 students). This questionnaire was disseminated via social media and educational institutions, aiming to provide a sociodemographic profile of the sample, their academic and/or work schedule, psychotropic drug use, and the prevalence of daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. The results were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical methods (IBM SPSS v.29). Results: Out of 354 participants, the majority were female (71.8%; n=254), with a mean age of 20 ± 2.3 years. Regarding psychotropic drug use, 37.5% (n=99) had used psychotropic drugs at some point, and 10.5% (n=37) were currently using them, with antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, being the most used class. In terms of symptoms, most students reported excessive daytime sleepiness (51.7%; n=183), poor sleep quality (85.0%; n=301), mild to moderate depressive symptoms (59.9%; n=212), and a mean perceived stress score of 20.52 ± 7.02 points. These results were even more pronounced among the group currently using psychotropic drugs. Conclusion: considerable proportion also experiencing symptoms of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. These findings are concerning, as they suggest a substantial number of students may be untreated or could potentially develop mental health disorders in the future.
Introduction: The prevalence of mental health disorders among university students has been increasing over time, and there are few studies focusing on the pattern of psychotropic drug use and symptoms of insomnia, depression, and anxiety/stress. Objectives: To characterize the pattern of psychotropic drug use among university students and assess their sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (February-July 2024) through the development and dissemination of a questionnaire distributed to university students (with a projected sample of 384 students). This questionnaire was disseminated via social media and educational institutions, aiming to provide a sociodemographic profile of the sample, their academic and/or work schedule, psychotropic drug use, and the prevalence of daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. The results were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical methods (IBM SPSS v.29). Results: Out of 354 participants, the majority were female (71.8%; n=254), with a mean age of 20 ± 2.3 years. Regarding psychotropic drug use, 37.5% (n=99) had used psychotropic drugs at some point, and 10.5% (n=37) were currently using them, with antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, being the most used class. In terms of symptoms, most students reported excessive daytime sleepiness (51.7%; n=183), poor sleep quality (85.0%; n=301), mild to moderate depressive symptoms (59.9%; n=212), and a mean perceived stress score of 20.52 ± 7.02 points. These results were even more pronounced among the group currently using psychotropic drugs. Conclusion: considerable proportion also experiencing symptoms of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. These findings are concerning, as they suggest a substantial number of students may be untreated or could potentially develop mental health disorders in the future.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Psicofármacos Saúde mental Estudantes universitários Ensino superior