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Publication
O microbioma oral e as doenças neurodegenerativas
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, sabemos que a microbiota oral desempenha um papel importante na manutenção da saúde bucal e sistémica. A saúde oral depende do equilíbrio do microbioma oral. Quando esse equilíbrio é perturbado (disbiose), os microrganismos patogénicos presentes originam doenças orais.
As doenças periodontais são definidas como condições inflamatórias crónicas resultantes de uma disbiose microbiana e de uma resposta desregulada do hospedeiro que afetam os tecidos moles e duros de suporte dos dentes. Foi demonstrado que pessoas idosas (+65 anos) constituem uma população com alta prevalência de doença periodontal, mas também de outras patologias como as doenças neurodegenerativas.
A doença de Alzheimer (DA) e a doença de Parkinson (DP) são as duas principais doenças neurodegenerativas comuns em idosos. Foi recentemente demonstrado, que a disbiose microbiana na cavidade oral pode influenciar o sistema nervoso central.
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão narrativa sobre a disbiose microbiana oral e sua possível influência nas doenças neurodegenerativas como a doença de Alzheimer e a doença de Parkinson.
Para a realização deste trabalho, foi efetuada uma revisão da literatura científica recorrendo às bases de dados Pubmed e Cochrane incluído artigos em português, inglês e francês publicados a partir do ano 2000.
Embora os estudos destaquem uma possível ligação entre a reação inflamatória causada pela disbiose e a inflamação cerebral presente nas doenças neurodegenerativas, é necessário continuar as pesquisas com o objetivo de obter mais dados confiáveis e assim caracterizar melhor essa ligação entre as duas patologias.
Nowadays, we know that the oral microbiota plays an important role in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Oral health depends on the balance of the oral microbiome. When this balance is disturbed (dysbiosis), the pathogenic microorganisms present can cause oral diseases. Periodontal diseases are defined as chronic inflammatory conditions resulting from microbial dysbiosis and a deregulated host response, affecting the soft and hard supporting tissues of the teeth. It has been shown that elderly individuals (65+ years) constitute a population with a high prevalence of periodontal disease, but also of other pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative diseases common in the elderly. It has been recently demonstrated that microbial dysbiosis in the oral cavity can influence the central nervous system. The objective of this work is to conduct a narrative review on oral microbial dysbiosis and its possible influence on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. For this work, a review of the scientific literature was conducted using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases, including articles in Portuguese, English, and French published from the year 2000 onwards. Although studies highlight a possible link between the inflammatory reaction caused by dysbiosis and the brain inflammation present in neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to continue research to obtain more reliable data and thus better characterise this link between the two pathologies.
Nowadays, we know that the oral microbiota plays an important role in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Oral health depends on the balance of the oral microbiome. When this balance is disturbed (dysbiosis), the pathogenic microorganisms present can cause oral diseases. Periodontal diseases are defined as chronic inflammatory conditions resulting from microbial dysbiosis and a deregulated host response, affecting the soft and hard supporting tissues of the teeth. It has been shown that elderly individuals (65+ years) constitute a population with a high prevalence of periodontal disease, but also of other pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative diseases common in the elderly. It has been recently demonstrated that microbial dysbiosis in the oral cavity can influence the central nervous system. The objective of this work is to conduct a narrative review on oral microbial dysbiosis and its possible influence on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. For this work, a review of the scientific literature was conducted using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases, including articles in Portuguese, English, and French published from the year 2000 onwards. Although studies highlight a possible link between the inflammatory reaction caused by dysbiosis and the brain inflammation present in neurodegenerative diseases, it is necessary to continue research to obtain more reliable data and thus better characterise this link between the two pathologies.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Microbioma oral Doença periodontal Doença de Alzheimer Doença de Parkinson