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Publication
Soft Targets e a ameaça dos atacantes ativos: o caso dos estabelecimentos de ensino universitário em Lisboa
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| 1.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Os ataques em espaços públicos europeus têm sido predominantemente levados a cabo por indivíduos isolados, denominados atacantes ativos, que podem agir sob uma determinada ideologia política, religiosa, económica ou social, ou simplesmente por motivações pessoais provenientes de frustrações e sentimentos levados ao limite. Desta forma, é imperativo refletir sobre como garantir a segurança e tranquilidade nestes espaços vulneráveis e de elevada afluência de pessoas, quando as medidas de segurança existentes tendem a ser pouco rigorosas. Esta investigação analisa os estabelecimentos de ensino universitário (EEU) em Lisboa, de forma a perceber se estes estabelecimentos e os seus utilizadores estão preparados para prevenir e reagir na eventualidade de um ataque. Para tal, é feita uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória de modo a possibilitar uma compreensão ampla dos contextos e fenómenos em estudo. São realizadas entrevistas a vários dirigentes destes estabelecimentos, de modo a caracterizar o quadro securitário e a cultura de segurança existentes nestes locais. Os resultados apontam para uma notória fraca preparação destes estabelecimentos. Enquanto o quadro securitário demonstra ser suficientemente adequado ao nível da prevenção para o nível de risco existente em Portugal, pode ser melhorado no que toca à reação, com a implementação de novas medidas e a instalação de certos equipamentos, estando os dirigentes cientes dessas possibilidades. No entanto, no que concerne a cultura de segurança associada a estes estabelecimentos, esta não se revela adequada nem para a prevenção, nem para a reação a um ataque, tornando-se necessário mudar a perceção da comunidade do ensino universitário acerca desta ameaça. Isto pode ser feito através da formação, capacitando as pessoas para que possam adotar as atitudes e comportamentos apropriados, sejam estes de carácter preventivo ou reativo.
Attacks in European public spaces have predominantly been carried out by single individuals, called active attackers, who may act under a particular political, religious, economic or social ideology, or simply due to personal motivations stemming from frustrations and feelings pushed to the limit. In this way, it is imperative to reflect on how to guarantee security and tranquillity in these vulnerable spaces with a high affluence of people, when existing security measures tend to be lax. This research analyses the university teaching establishments (UTE) in Lisbon, in order to understand if these establishments and their users are prepared to prevent and react in the event of an attack. To this end, qualitative and exploratory research is carried out in order to enable a broad understanding of the contexts and phenomena under study. Interviews are conducted with several managers of these establishments, in order to characterise the security framework and culture existing in these places. The results point to a notorious weak preparedness of these establishments. While the security framework is adequate enough in terms of prevention for the risk level existing in Portugal, it can be improved in terms of reaction, with the implementation of new measures and the installation of certain equipment, being the managers aware of those possibilities. However, regarding the security culture associated to these establishments, it is not adequate neither for prevention, nor for reaction to an attack, making it necessary to change the perception of the university education community about this threat. This can be done through training, enabling people to adopt the appropriate attitudes and behaviours, whether preventive or reactive.
Attacks in European public spaces have predominantly been carried out by single individuals, called active attackers, who may act under a particular political, religious, economic or social ideology, or simply due to personal motivations stemming from frustrations and feelings pushed to the limit. In this way, it is imperative to reflect on how to guarantee security and tranquillity in these vulnerable spaces with a high affluence of people, when existing security measures tend to be lax. This research analyses the university teaching establishments (UTE) in Lisbon, in order to understand if these establishments and their users are prepared to prevent and react in the event of an attack. To this end, qualitative and exploratory research is carried out in order to enable a broad understanding of the contexts and phenomena under study. Interviews are conducted with several managers of these establishments, in order to characterise the security framework and culture existing in these places. The results point to a notorious weak preparedness of these establishments. While the security framework is adequate enough in terms of prevention for the risk level existing in Portugal, it can be improved in terms of reaction, with the implementation of new measures and the installation of certain equipment, being the managers aware of those possibilities. However, regarding the security culture associated to these establishments, it is not adequate neither for prevention, nor for reaction to an attack, making it necessary to change the perception of the university education community about this threat. This can be done through training, enabling people to adopt the appropriate attitudes and behaviours, whether preventive or reactive.
Description
Keywords
Soft targets Atacantes ativos Atacantes escolares Estabelecimentos de ensino universitário Active attackers School attackers University education establishments