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PROMOÇÃO DA ADAPTAÇÃO À HEMODIÁLISE DA PESSOA COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÓNICA
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As doenças crónicas representam atualmente um importante desafio de saúde pública, cuja incidência tem vindo a aumentar, em particular devido ao envelhecimento progressivo da população. A Doença Renal Crónica (DRC) destaca-se entre estas condições, afetando uma larga faixa da população, caracterizando-se por um percurso clínico complexo, com repercussões profundas na saúde e qualidade de vida da pessoa doente.O diagnóstico de DRC exige uma reorganização da vida diária, implicando diversas alterações no estilo de vida dos doentes. A aceitação da nova condição torna-se crucial para a adesão eficaz ao regime terapêutico num contexto frequentemente marcado por exigências rigorosas, como alterações no padrão alimentar, limitação na ingestão de líquidos, elevada carga medicamentosa, entre outros fatores que desafiam a capacidade de adaptação da pessoa. A perda da função renal implica a realização de um tratamento que substitua essa função com o objetivo de manter o equilíbrio do organismo e remover produtos tóxicos. Para lidar melhor com estas alterações e minimizar o seu impacto negativo, é essencial compreender o seu processo e os cuidados inerentes. Este relatório, desenvolvido no âmbito do mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica, visa refletir o percurso formativo do desenvolvimento de competências especializadas, com base na prática clínica supervisionada em contexto de hemodiálise através de uma metodologia descritiva e reflexiva.A discussão de dois casos clínicos permite analisar criticamente a prática profissional, evidenciando a importância dos cuidados de enfermagem especializados na identificação precoce das necessidades de adaptação e na capacitação para o autocuidado. Neste processo, o suporte emocional e a comunicação assumem-se como ferramentas fundamentais para o estabelecimento de uma relação terapêutica, para além das componentes técnicas baseadas na mais recente evidência científica como a gestão dos sintomas físicos.A integração da componente teórica com a prática clínica traduz-se numa atuação mais crítica, autónoma e fundamentada, evidenciando o papel do enfermeiro especialista enquanto facilitador de processos de transição, promotor do autocuidado e da humanização dos cuidados à pessoa em situação crónica. O presente relatório constitui, assim, o reflexo de um percurso de crescimento pessoal e profissional, alicerçado numa prática especializada e centrada na pessoa.
Chronic diseases currently represent a significant public health challenge, with their incidence increasing, particularly due to the progressive ageing of the population. Among these conditions, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stands out, affecting a large portion of the population and characterised by a complex clinical course with profound repercussions on the patient's health and quality of life.The diagnosis of CKD demands a reorganisation of daily life, involving several changes in the patient's lifestyle. Acceptance of the new condition becomes crucial for effective adherence to the therapeutic regimen, in a context often marked by strict demands, such as dietary changes, fluid intake restrictions, high medication burden, among other factors that challenge the individual's adaptive capacity. The loss of kidney function requires the implementation of a treatment that replaces this function with the goal of maintaining physiological balance and removing toxic waste products. In order to better cope with these changes and minimise their negative impact, it is essential to understand the disease process and the care it entails.This report, developed within the scope of the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, specifically in the field of Nursing Care for the Person in Chronic Condition, aims to reflect the formative path of specialised competence development, based on supervised clinical practice in a haemodialysis setting, through a descriptive and reflective methodology.The discussion of two clinical cases allows for a critical analysis of professional practice, highlighting the importance of specialised nursing care in the early identification of adaptation needs and in the promotion of self-care capacity. Within this process, emotional support and communication are established as fundamental tools for building a therapeutic relationship, in addition to the technical components grounded in the most recent scientific evidence, such as the management of physical symptoms.The integration of theoretical knowledge with clinical practice translates into a more critical, autonomous, and evidence-based professional approach, demonstrating the role of the specialist nurse as a facilitator of transition processes, a promoter of self-care, and an advocate for the humanisation of care for individuals living with chronic conditions. This report, therefore, constitutes a reflection of a path of personal and professional growth, grounded in specialised and person-centred practice.
Chronic diseases currently represent a significant public health challenge, with their incidence increasing, particularly due to the progressive ageing of the population. Among these conditions, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stands out, affecting a large portion of the population and characterised by a complex clinical course with profound repercussions on the patient's health and quality of life.The diagnosis of CKD demands a reorganisation of daily life, involving several changes in the patient's lifestyle. Acceptance of the new condition becomes crucial for effective adherence to the therapeutic regimen, in a context often marked by strict demands, such as dietary changes, fluid intake restrictions, high medication burden, among other factors that challenge the individual's adaptive capacity. The loss of kidney function requires the implementation of a treatment that replaces this function with the goal of maintaining physiological balance and removing toxic waste products. In order to better cope with these changes and minimise their negative impact, it is essential to understand the disease process and the care it entails.This report, developed within the scope of the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, specifically in the field of Nursing Care for the Person in Chronic Condition, aims to reflect the formative path of specialised competence development, based on supervised clinical practice in a haemodialysis setting, through a descriptive and reflective methodology.The discussion of two clinical cases allows for a critical analysis of professional practice, highlighting the importance of specialised nursing care in the early identification of adaptation needs and in the promotion of self-care capacity. Within this process, emotional support and communication are established as fundamental tools for building a therapeutic relationship, in addition to the technical components grounded in the most recent scientific evidence, such as the management of physical symptoms.The integration of theoretical knowledge with clinical practice translates into a more critical, autonomous, and evidence-based professional approach, demonstrating the role of the specialist nurse as a facilitator of transition processes, a promoter of self-care, and an advocate for the humanisation of care for individuals living with chronic conditions. This report, therefore, constitutes a reflection of a path of personal and professional growth, grounded in specialised and person-centred practice.
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Escola Superior de Saúde Norte da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa