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Avaliação da pastagem e da produção animal da Herdade do Freixo
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Abstract(s)
O objetivo global foi avaliar a produção da pastagem e a produção animal da
Herdade do Freixo, uma exploração de bovinos e ovinos de carne em Modo de
Produção Biológico (MPB). Foi avaliada a produção de biomassa e a composição florística
numa parcela já anteriormente estudada. Foi utilizado o método RPM (Rising Plate
Meter) para avaliar a estimativa da biomassa desta pastagem. Foi efetuada a pesagem dos
vitelos e calculo do ganho médio diário. A produção de biomassa medida foi de
6847kg/ha resultado de um ano agrícola favorável e elevada produtividade da vegetação
espontânea da Herdade do Freixo. No outono a composição florística estava dominada
por outras famílias (86.5%) com 9,6% gramíneas. Nos cortes seguintes as outras famílias
diminuíram e na primavera a pastagem era dominada por gramíneas (54%) seguindo-se
as outras famílias (31%). A melhor pastagem na primavera pode ter-se devido ao
aumento da pressão de pastoreio. Foram identificadas 31 espécies: 8 gramíneas, 10
leguminosas e 13 de outras famílias botânicas. A espécie predominante foi Plantago
lagopus L. A utilização do método do Rising Plate Meter (RPM) para estimar a biomassa
revelou-se adequada no corte de 19/03, mas não no corte de 04/05, provavelmente
devido à excessiva quantidade de biomassa presente. O encabeçamento total da
exploração em 2024, era de 0,30 C.N./ha. Devido à falta de alimentos em 2022/2023
consequência da seca, o encabeçamento da exploração foi reduzido. Os machos
apresentaram maior peso do que as fêmeas e maior ganho médio diário (1,3 kg/dia e
1,2kg/dia, respetivamente). Estes valores de GMD são muito bons atendendo a que os
animais jovens são alimentados exclusivamente à base do leite materno e erva. O
aumento do encabeçamento deverá melhorar a composição florística. Sugere-se a
existência de um selo “pecuária extensiva”, valorização da carne produzida em MPB,
redução da área de cada cerca e aumento dos pontos de água.
The overall objective was to evaluate pasture production and animal production at Herdade do Freixo, a cattle and sheep meat farm in Organic Production Mode (MPB). Biomass production and floristic composition were evaluated in a previously studied plot. The RPM (Rising Plate Meter) method was used to evaluate the biomass estimate of this pasture. The calves were weighed and the average daily gain was calculated. The measured biomass production was 6847kg/ha, the result of a favorable agricultural year and high productivity of spontaneous vegetation at Herdade do Freixo. In autumn the floristic composition was dominated by other families (86.5%) with 9.6% grasses. In the following cuts, the other families decreased and in spring the pasture was dominated by grasses (54%), followed by the other families (31%). Better pasture in spring may be due to increased grazing pressure. 31 species were identified: 8 grasses, 10 legumes and 13 from other botanical families. The predominant species was Plantago lagopus L. The use of the Rising Plate Meter (RPM) method to estimate biomass proved to be adequate in the 19/03 cut, but not in the 04/05 cut, probably due to the excessive amount of biomass present. The total head of exploitation in 2024 was 0.30 C.N./ha. Due to the lack of food in 2022/2023 as a result of the drought, the farm head was reduced. Males had greater weight than females and greater average daily gain (1.3 kg/day and 1.2 kg/day, respectively). These ADG values are very good considering that young animals are fed exclusively on breast milk and grass. Increasing the heading should improve the floristic composition. It is suggested that there be an “extensive livestock” seal, the valorization of meat produced in MPB, a reduction in the area of each fence and an increase in water points.
The overall objective was to evaluate pasture production and animal production at Herdade do Freixo, a cattle and sheep meat farm in Organic Production Mode (MPB). Biomass production and floristic composition were evaluated in a previously studied plot. The RPM (Rising Plate Meter) method was used to evaluate the biomass estimate of this pasture. The calves were weighed and the average daily gain was calculated. The measured biomass production was 6847kg/ha, the result of a favorable agricultural year and high productivity of spontaneous vegetation at Herdade do Freixo. In autumn the floristic composition was dominated by other families (86.5%) with 9.6% grasses. In the following cuts, the other families decreased and in spring the pasture was dominated by grasses (54%), followed by the other families (31%). Better pasture in spring may be due to increased grazing pressure. 31 species were identified: 8 grasses, 10 legumes and 13 from other botanical families. The predominant species was Plantago lagopus L. The use of the Rising Plate Meter (RPM) method to estimate biomass proved to be adequate in the 19/03 cut, but not in the 04/05 cut, probably due to the excessive amount of biomass present. The total head of exploitation in 2024 was 0.30 C.N./ha. Due to the lack of food in 2022/2023 as a result of the drought, the farm head was reduced. Males had greater weight than females and greater average daily gain (1.3 kg/day and 1.2 kg/day, respectively). These ADG values are very good considering that young animals are fed exclusively on breast milk and grass. Increasing the heading should improve the floristic composition. It is suggested that there be an “extensive livestock” seal, the valorization of meat produced in MPB, a reduction in the area of each fence and an increase in water points.
Description
Keywords
Biomassa Bovinos Modo de Produção Biológico Ovinos Rising Plate Meter Pastoreio Extensivo Biomass Cattle Extensive grazing Organic agriculture Sheep
Citation
Reis, F.S.G.(2024).Avaliação da pastagem e da produção animal da Herdade do Freixo. [Dissertação de licenciatura, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas] Repositório
Publisher
Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas