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Análise de riscos nas indústrias petroquímicas: atmosferas explosivas
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Abstract(s)
São inúmeras as atividades industriais que no seu processo fabril estão presentes substâncias inflamáveis que poderão criar atmosferas potencialmente explosivas sob a forma de gases ou vapores. Segundo a diretiva ATEX dever-se-á estabelecer áreas de risco, onde deveram ser adotadas precauções especiais para evitar a ignição ativa e a permanência da concentração dos gases no local.
Esta dissertação estuda os fenómenos da criação de atmosferas explosivas e respetivas consequências inerentes ao mesmo. Segundo as Diretrizes Europeia 94/9/CE (ATEX 95) e 1999/92/CE (ATEX 137), que Portugal já transpôs através do Decreto-Lei n.º 112/96 e Decreto-Lei n.º 236/2003 respetivamente.
A análise das substâncias inflamáveis, a localização das fontes de emissão e zonamento. Neste estudo foi aplicada a Norma Europeia EN 60079, para segurança e classificação de áreas incluindo as extensões da zona, em que a parte 10-1 trata das atmosferas explosivas gasosas, e a parte 10-2 das atmosferas com poeira combustível.
Nos locais onde possam existir grandes quantidades de poeiras combustíveis em concentrações perigosas de gases ou vapores inflamáveis, dever-se-ão equacionar a probabilidade de risco de explosão exponenciado pelas poeiras. Colocando em causa a integridade física dos trabalhadores como resultado dos efeitos incontrolados de detonações ou deflagrações das chamas e da pressão causadas pela expansão dos gases abrupta.
Foi efetuado um estudo de caracterização de áreas de risco junto ao Reator de Polimerização de Polietileno de Alta Densidade (PEAD), onde são apresentados as propriedades básicas das substâncias envolvidas no processo, os critérios para a classificação de áreas e diversos tipos de equipamentos elétricos e não elétricos para as áreas classificadas e uma análise de risco, baseado nos dados obtidos da caracterização.
There are numerous industrial activities in its manufacturing process where flammable substances are present that may create a potentially explosive atmosphere in the form of gases or vapours. The ATEX directive will establish risk areas where special precautions should be taken to prevent the ignition and concentration of gas in the area. This dissertation studies the phenomena of creating an explosive atmosphere and the consequences inherent to it. According to the European Directives 94/9/EC (ATEX 95) and 1999/92/EC (ATEX 137), which Portugal has adopted by Decree-Law no. 112/96 and Decree-Law no. 236/2003 respectively. The analysis of the flammable substances, the location of emission sources and zoning in this study was applied to European Standard EN 60079, for the safety and classification of areas and including extensions of the zone Part 10-1 explosive gas atmosphere and Part 10 -2 combustible dust atmospheres. In places where there may be large amounts of combustible dusts in hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapours, would equate the probability with the risk of explosion increased by the presence of dust. Putting in jeopardy the physical safety of workers as a result of uncontrolled detonations and the pressure caused by the abrupt expansion of gases. A study on the elements of risk areas along with the Reactor Polymerization of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which lists the basic properties of the substances involved in the process, the criteria for classifying areas and the various types of electrical equipment, was made along with nonelectric for classified areas and a risk analysis based on data obtained from this study.
There are numerous industrial activities in its manufacturing process where flammable substances are present that may create a potentially explosive atmosphere in the form of gases or vapours. The ATEX directive will establish risk areas where special precautions should be taken to prevent the ignition and concentration of gas in the area. This dissertation studies the phenomena of creating an explosive atmosphere and the consequences inherent to it. According to the European Directives 94/9/EC (ATEX 95) and 1999/92/EC (ATEX 137), which Portugal has adopted by Decree-Law no. 112/96 and Decree-Law no. 236/2003 respectively. The analysis of the flammable substances, the location of emission sources and zoning in this study was applied to European Standard EN 60079, for the safety and classification of areas and including extensions of the zone Part 10-1 explosive gas atmosphere and Part 10 -2 combustible dust atmospheres. In places where there may be large amounts of combustible dusts in hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapours, would equate the probability with the risk of explosion increased by the presence of dust. Putting in jeopardy the physical safety of workers as a result of uncontrolled detonations and the pressure caused by the abrupt expansion of gases. A study on the elements of risk areas along with the Reactor Polymerization of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which lists the basic properties of the substances involved in the process, the criteria for classifying areas and the various types of electrical equipment, was made along with nonelectric for classified areas and a risk analysis based on data obtained from this study.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene do Trabalho
Keywords
Risco Analises de riscos ATEX Segurança no trabalho Risk Risk analysis Safety at work MSHT
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais