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OS DIREITOS DA CRIANÇA.
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A participação das crianças na sociedade é um direito afirmado pela Declaração sobre os Direitos das Crianças desde a sua ratificação em Portugal, em 1990. Sendo este o tema em estudo, constata-se que a sua efetivação na vida das crianças é muito condicionada pelas conceções sociais da infância e pelas políticas e práticas para a infância, em Portugal. Não obstante, esse condicionamento parece mais acentuado na faixa etária entre os zero e os três anos de idade. Para enquadrar a infância em Portugal descreveu-se sucintamente o percurso desta até aos dias de hoje, a creche como contexto das crianças pequenas, bem como as críticas de vários autores que realçam uma não participação da criança em prol do interesse dos adultos. Assim, este estudo pretende realçar a importância que o tema tem no desenvolvimento das crianças e na construção de uma cidadania ativa na qual o educador de infância tem um papel fundamental.
Para o efeito, optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa com a recolha de cinco entrevistas a educadoras que exercem funções no contexto da creche. O estudo revela que as educadoras procuram proporcionar o máximo de escolhas feitas pelas crianças e têm em conta as opiniões destas no dia-a-dia da creche, reconhecendo na criança um ser de direitos próprios e a importância da cidadania e da participação para o seu desenvolvimento. Em contrapartida, reafirmam as dificuldades e entraves descritos pelos autores ao longo do presente trabalho, espelhadas no contexto da creche, isto é, as políticas e práticas existentes em Portugal, a legislação vigente, bem como a visão que a sociedade tem da infância (as educadoras, as famílias, a restante equipa educativa, a comunidade e a própria instituição), ainda estão aquém do desejado para uma efetivação real dos direitos de participação das crianças. Porém, verifica-se nos testemunhos das educadoras uma mudança real e prometedora nas suas ideias e na sua ação educativa e pedagógica para a efetivação do direito de participação das crianças pequenas.
The participation of children in society is a right affirmed by the Children Rights Declaration since its ratification in Portugal in 1990. This being the theme under study, it can be seen that its realization in the lives of children is very much conditioned by social norms as well as policies and practices for children in Portugal. Nevertheless, this conditioning seems to be more pronounced in the age group between zero and three years old. In order to enframe childhood in Portugal, it has been briefly described its path to the present day, the day care center as a context of young children, as well as the criticism of several authors who emphasize the non-participation of the child in the interest of adults. Thus, this study aims to highlight the importance that the theme has in the development of children and in the construction of an active citizenship in which the kindergarten teacher plays a fundamental role. For this purpose, we opted for a qualitative methodology with the collection of five interviews with educators who work in the context of day care. The study reveals that educators seek to make the most choices made by children and take into account their opinions in day-to-day care, recognizing in the child a being of their own rights and the importance of citizenship and participation for their children's development. On the other hand, they reaffirm the difficulties and obstacles described by the authors throughout the present work, mirrored in the context of the nursery, that is, the existing policies and practices in Portugal, the current legislation, as well as the society's view of childhood (the educators, families, the rest of the education team, the community and the institution itself) are still falling short of what is desired for the effective realization of children's participation rights. However, in the testimonies of the educators, there is a real and promising change in their ideas and in their educational and pedagogical action for the realization of the right of participation of young children
The participation of children in society is a right affirmed by the Children Rights Declaration since its ratification in Portugal in 1990. This being the theme under study, it can be seen that its realization in the lives of children is very much conditioned by social norms as well as policies and practices for children in Portugal. Nevertheless, this conditioning seems to be more pronounced in the age group between zero and three years old. In order to enframe childhood in Portugal, it has been briefly described its path to the present day, the day care center as a context of young children, as well as the criticism of several authors who emphasize the non-participation of the child in the interest of adults. Thus, this study aims to highlight the importance that the theme has in the development of children and in the construction of an active citizenship in which the kindergarten teacher plays a fundamental role. For this purpose, we opted for a qualitative methodology with the collection of five interviews with educators who work in the context of day care. The study reveals that educators seek to make the most choices made by children and take into account their opinions in day-to-day care, recognizing in the child a being of their own rights and the importance of citizenship and participation for their children's development. On the other hand, they reaffirm the difficulties and obstacles described by the authors throughout the present work, mirrored in the context of the nursery, that is, the existing policies and practices in Portugal, the current legislation, as well as the society's view of childhood (the educators, families, the rest of the education team, the community and the institution itself) are still falling short of what is desired for the effective realization of children's participation rights. However, in the testimonies of the educators, there is a real and promising change in their ideas and in their educational and pedagogical action for the realization of the right of participation of young children
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direitos da Criança, Participação, Cidadania, Papel do educador, Creche. Children's Rights, Participation, Citizenship, Role of the Educator, Nursery.