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Contracetivos hormonais orais e a importância da farmacovigilância
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente os contracetivos hormonais orais são o método de contraceção mais utilizado pela população feminina. Estes, podem-se classificar em minipílulas (constituídos apenas por progesterona) ou contracetivos hormonais orais combinados (constituídos por progesterona e estrogénio). Os métodos contracetivos podem causar diferentes reações adversas no sistema nervoso central, respiratório, alterações na libido, alterações no humor e no sistema cardiovascular, nomeadamente o tromboembolismo venoso que pode ser acompanhado de trombose venosa profunda e embolia pulmonar. Além das reações adversas, podem ocorrer também interações farmacológicas. Os objetivos desta revisão são identificar as principais reações adversas e interações que ocorrem com a utilização dos contracetivos hormonais orais, e mostrar a importância da farmacovigilância nesta classe de medicamentos. Para a realização desta revisão, os artigos utilizados foram recolhidos com recurso às bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Google académico de forma a selecionar, integrar e organizar informação de vários estudos. Foram selecionados 47 publicados depois do ano 2016. Contudo inclui-se 2 estudos com data inferior para um melhor enquadramento teórico do trabalho. Os contracetivos hormonais orais combinados apresentam maior risco para o aparecimento de reações adversas em relação às minipílulas. Contudo, estas não são isentas de reações adversas. No que diz respeito às interações, observou-se que os antibióticos, algumas plantas como a erva de são João, patologias como a doença de Crohn, o álcool e o tabaco são fatores que interferem com o efeito terapêutico dos contracetivos hormonais orais. Assim, a Farmacovigilância e monitorização da utilização dos contracetivos hormonais orais é imprescindível para a deteção precoce de reações adversas e interações medicamentosas que possam surgir. Futuramente, existirá a necessidade de mais estudos para confirmar a segurança dos contracetivos hormonais orais.
Nowadays, oral hormonal contraceptives are the most used contraceptive methods, by the female population. These can be classified as minipills (consisting of only progesterone) or combined oral hormonal contraceptives (consisting of progesterone and estrogen). Contraceptive methods can cause different adverse reactions on both the central nervous and respiratory system, as well as changes in libido, in people’s mood and in cardiovascular system, more specifically, a venous thromboembolism that can be accompanied by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In addition to these adverse reactions, pharmacological interactions may also occur. The objectives of this review are the identification of the main adverse reactions and interactions that occur in the context of the use of oral hormonal contraceptives, and the demonstration of the importance of pharmacovigilance in this class of medications. To carry out this review, the articles used were collected using the PubMed, Scielo and Google academic databases in order to select, integrate and organize information from various studies. 47 published after 2016 were selected. However, 2 studies with lower date are included for a better theoretical framework of the work. Combined oral hormonal contraceptives are at higher risk for adverse reactions in relation to minipills. However, these are not free of adverse reactions. With regard to interactions, it was observed that antibiotics, some plants such as St. John's wort, pathologies such as Crohn's disease, alcohol and tobacco are factors that interfere with the therapeutic effect of oral hormonal contraceptives. Thus, pharmacovigilance and monitoring of the use of oral contraceptives are essential for early detection of adverse reactions and drug interactions that may arise. In the future, further studies will be needed to confirm the safety of oral hormonal contraceptives.
Nowadays, oral hormonal contraceptives are the most used contraceptive methods, by the female population. These can be classified as minipills (consisting of only progesterone) or combined oral hormonal contraceptives (consisting of progesterone and estrogen). Contraceptive methods can cause different adverse reactions on both the central nervous and respiratory system, as well as changes in libido, in people’s mood and in cardiovascular system, more specifically, a venous thromboembolism that can be accompanied by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In addition to these adverse reactions, pharmacological interactions may also occur. The objectives of this review are the identification of the main adverse reactions and interactions that occur in the context of the use of oral hormonal contraceptives, and the demonstration of the importance of pharmacovigilance in this class of medications. To carry out this review, the articles used were collected using the PubMed, Scielo and Google academic databases in order to select, integrate and organize information from various studies. 47 published after 2016 were selected. However, 2 studies with lower date are included for a better theoretical framework of the work. Combined oral hormonal contraceptives are at higher risk for adverse reactions in relation to minipills. However, these are not free of adverse reactions. With regard to interactions, it was observed that antibiotics, some plants such as St. John's wort, pathologies such as Crohn's disease, alcohol and tobacco are factors that interfere with the therapeutic effect of oral hormonal contraceptives. Thus, pharmacovigilance and monitoring of the use of oral contraceptives are essential for early detection of adverse reactions and drug interactions that may arise. In the future, further studies will be needed to confirm the safety of oral hormonal contraceptives.
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Keywords
Contracetivos hormonais orais Farmacovigilância Interações Reações adversas Oral hormonal contraceptives Pharmacovigilance Interactions Adverse reactions