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Determinação da performance de VANT da FAP: aplicação e validação do método Bootstrap
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Abstract(s)
Nesta tese abordou-se uma metodologia, a The Bootstrap Approach de Lowry (1999) que permite determinar vários parâmetros da performance de uma aeronave, com o objetivo de verificar se este método pode ou não ser aplicado e validado em Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados da Força Aérea Portuguesa.
Primeiramente, foram analisados alguns métodos e verificou-se que o mais se indicava para alcançar o objetivo desejado seria o Bootstrap.
Este método necessita de nove dados iniciais, que compõem a Bootstrap Data Plate, que surge de alguns dados retirados diretamente do motor, do hélice, da estrutura da aeronave, e outros, que se obtêm indiretamente através de alguns ensaios em voo preconizados por esta metodologia. Assim, foi necessário testar este método numo veículo aéreo não tripulado, o objeto de estudo escolhido foi o ANTEX-X02 ALFA.
Os ensaios em voo consistiram em subidas a potência máxima e descidas planadas, com vista à determinação da velocidade de melhor ângulo de subida e de melhor planeio. De seguida, usando cálculos preconizados pela The Bootstrap Approach, a Bootstrap Data Plate fica completa.
Com o conhecimento dos nove dados, acrescidos pelo peso da aeronave e dados da atmosfera, Lowry (1999) identifica algumas fórmulas para se descobrir alguns dados da performance do ANTEX-X02 ALFA, obtendo-se os seguintes dados: 1. Velocidade máxima em voo de nível, 67,1 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 2. Velocidade mínima em voo de nível, 17,7 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 3. Velocidade para o melhor ângulo de subida, 34,4 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 4. Velocidade para a melhor razão de subida, 35,0 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 5. Velocidade para o melhor ângulo de planeio, 32,8 𝑘𝑡𝑠, 6. Velocidade para a menor razão de descida, 24,9 𝑘𝑡𝑠.
No final deste trabalho de investigação, após uma análise e reflexão relativamente a todos os dados obtidos, recomenda-se que sejam efetuados novos ensaios em voo, para que a metodologia seja aplicada de novo devido ao facto dos destes dados não corresponderem com os esperados, pois deram resultados irrealistas, tendo várias destas velocidades sido abaixo da velocidade de perda, que é cerca de 28 𝑘𝑡𝑠, suspeita-se que o problema tenha estado nos ensaios em voo, que originaram parâmetros errados para a Bootstrap Data Plate.
In this thesis a methodology was approached, called «The Bootstrap Approach» of Lowry (1999) that allows the determination of several parameters of an aircraft performance, with the goal to verify if the application of this method may be validated, or not, in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles of the Portuguese Air Force. Firstly, some methods were analysed, and it was concluded that the best method to achieve the desired goal was the «Bootstrap». This method requires nine parameters, forming the «Bootstrap Data Plate», which arises from some data taken directly from the engine, propeller, the aircraft design and other indirectly through some flight tests recommended by this methodology. Thus, it was necessary to test this method in an unmanned aerial vehicle, in this case, the ANTEX-X02 ALFA. The flight tests consisted in climbs at full throttle and descents at idle, to determine the speed for best angle of climb and the speed for best glide. Then, using calculations recommended by «The Bootstrap Approach», the «Bootstrap Data Plate» is complete. With the knowledge of those nine parameters, plus the weight of the aircraft and some atmosphere data, Lowry (1999) identifies several formulas to discover some performance data of the ANTEX-X02 ALFA, obtaining de following results: 1. Maximum velocity at flight level, 67,1 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 2. Minimum velocity at flight level, 17,7 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 3. Velocity for the best angle of climb, 34,4 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 4. Velocity for the best ratio of climb, 35,0 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 5. Velocity for the best glide angle, 32,8 𝑘𝑡𝑠, 6. Velocity for the minimum descent ratio, 24,9 𝑘𝑡𝑠. At the end of this investigation, and after an analysis of the data, it is recommendable new flights test, so that this methodology can be applied again due to the fact that the data obtained does not correspond with the expected, because the results were unrealistic, giving several velocities below de stall speed, which is around 28 𝑘𝑡𝑠, it is suspected that the problem was in poor flight test, which led to wrong parameters for the «Bootstrap Data Plate».
In this thesis a methodology was approached, called «The Bootstrap Approach» of Lowry (1999) that allows the determination of several parameters of an aircraft performance, with the goal to verify if the application of this method may be validated, or not, in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles of the Portuguese Air Force. Firstly, some methods were analysed, and it was concluded that the best method to achieve the desired goal was the «Bootstrap». This method requires nine parameters, forming the «Bootstrap Data Plate», which arises from some data taken directly from the engine, propeller, the aircraft design and other indirectly through some flight tests recommended by this methodology. Thus, it was necessary to test this method in an unmanned aerial vehicle, in this case, the ANTEX-X02 ALFA. The flight tests consisted in climbs at full throttle and descents at idle, to determine the speed for best angle of climb and the speed for best glide. Then, using calculations recommended by «The Bootstrap Approach», the «Bootstrap Data Plate» is complete. With the knowledge of those nine parameters, plus the weight of the aircraft and some atmosphere data, Lowry (1999) identifies several formulas to discover some performance data of the ANTEX-X02 ALFA, obtaining de following results: 1. Maximum velocity at flight level, 67,1 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 2. Minimum velocity at flight level, 17,7 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 3. Velocity for the best angle of climb, 34,4 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 4. Velocity for the best ratio of climb, 35,0 𝑘𝑡𝑠; 5. Velocity for the best glide angle, 32,8 𝑘𝑡𝑠, 6. Velocity for the minimum descent ratio, 24,9 𝑘𝑡𝑠. At the end of this investigation, and after an analysis of the data, it is recommendable new flights test, so that this methodology can be applied again due to the fact that the data obtained does not correspond with the expected, because the results were unrealistic, giving several velocities below de stall speed, which is around 28 𝑘𝑡𝑠, it is suspected that the problem was in poor flight test, which led to wrong parameters for the «Bootstrap Data Plate».
Description
Aspirante a Oficial-Aluno/Piloto-Aviador 138251-K Tiago Filipe Santos Oliveira
Júri: Presidente: Coronel/EngAer Lourenço da Saúde; Orientador: Tenente Coronel/EngEl Maria Nunes; Coorientador: Major/TMAEQ Paula Gonçalves;
Vogal: Capitão/EngAer Ana Lesiário
Keywords
Veículo aéreo não tripulado Força Aérea Portuguesa The bootstrap approach ANTEX-X02 ALFA Ensaios em voo Performance Unmanned aerial vehicle Portuguese Air Force The bootstrap approach Flight test Performance
Citation
Publisher
Academia da Força Aérea