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O papel da antibioterapia no controlo e tratamento da periodontite
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Abstract(s)
A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crónica frequente, causada pelo aumento da inflamação induzida pela formação de microrganismos nas zonas subgengivais, que podem alterar o equilíbrio da composição microbiana no biofilme e resultar na destruição progressiva do ligamento periodontal e do osso alveolar com formação de bolsas periodontais e/ou recessão gengival. As principais causas de perda dentária são a cárie e a periodontite grave e de acordo com alguns autores a periodontite é a doença inflamatória crónica mais prevalente no ser humano, afetando aproximadamente 50% dos adultos no Reino Unido. A periodontite pode contribuir para o agravamento de doenças sistémicas tais como diabetes e aterosclerose.
Será abordado, resumidamente, a anatomia e a fisiologia do periodonto, a epidemiologia, a patogénese e as novas classificações de gengivite e periodontite e o plano de tratamento da periodontite e a relação desta com doenças sistémicas.
Quando a periodontite é severa (por exemplo, periodontite generalizada no jovem adulto, estádio III, ou periodontite generalizada estádio III ou IV) deve ser considerada a necessidade de utilização de antibioterapia para controlar a inflamação. Nesse sentido é importante saber qual o melhor antibiótico a utilizar.
O tratamento da periodontite inicial é a remoção mecânica da placa e tártaro através da realização de destartarização e alisamento radicular.
O objetivo deste trabalho é aprofundar o papel dos antibióticos na periodontite severa em que o tratamento mecânico é sempre necessário, mas nem sempre suficiente. Será feita uma revisão narrativa da literatura através da pesquisa de artigos científicos em plataformas digitais, como por exemplo, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Elsevier Embase, entre outros.
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by increased inflammation induced by the formation of microorganisms in the subgingival areas lesions, which can alter the balance of microbial composition in the biofilm and result in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with formation of periodontal pockets and/or gingival recession. The main causes of tooth loss are tooth decay and severe periodontitis and according to some authors, periodontitis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease in humans, affecting approximately 50% of adults in the United Kingdom. Periodontitis can contribute to the worsening of systemic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. The anatomy and physiology of the periodontium, epidemiology, pathogenesis and new classifications of gingivitis and periodontitis and the treatment plan for periodontitis and its relationship with systemic diseases will be briefly addressed. When periodontitis is severe (eg stage III generalized periodontitis in young adults, or stage III or IV generalized periodontitis), the need for antibiotic therapy should be considered to control inflammation. In this sense, it is important to know which is the best antibiotic to use. The treatment of early periodontitis is the mechanical removal of plaque and tartar by performing scaling and root planing. The aim of this work is to deepen the role of antibiotics in severe periodontitis in which mechanical treatment is always necessary, but not always sufficient. A narrative review of the literature will be carried out through the search for scientific articles on digital platforms, such as Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Elsevier Embase, among others.
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by increased inflammation induced by the formation of microorganisms in the subgingival areas lesions, which can alter the balance of microbial composition in the biofilm and result in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with formation of periodontal pockets and/or gingival recession. The main causes of tooth loss are tooth decay and severe periodontitis and according to some authors, periodontitis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease in humans, affecting approximately 50% of adults in the United Kingdom. Periodontitis can contribute to the worsening of systemic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. The anatomy and physiology of the periodontium, epidemiology, pathogenesis and new classifications of gingivitis and periodontitis and the treatment plan for periodontitis and its relationship with systemic diseases will be briefly addressed. When periodontitis is severe (eg stage III generalized periodontitis in young adults, or stage III or IV generalized periodontitis), the need for antibiotic therapy should be considered to control inflammation. In this sense, it is important to know which is the best antibiotic to use. The treatment of early periodontitis is the mechanical removal of plaque and tartar by performing scaling and root planing. The aim of this work is to deepen the role of antibiotics in severe periodontitis in which mechanical treatment is always necessary, but not always sufficient. A narrative review of the literature will be carried out through the search for scientific articles on digital platforms, such as Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Elsevier Embase, among others.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Periodontite Doenças periodontais Tratamento periodontal Antibióticos na periodontite