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Avanços tecnológicos na regeneração tecidular guiada
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Abstract(s)
A regeneração tecidular guiada, introduzida em 1982, representou um avanço decisivo no tratamento periodontal, permitindo restaurar o ligamento periodontal, o cemento e o osso alveolar. Como base teórica, é essencial distinguir entre reparação, simples restabelecimento da continuidade tecidular e regeneração, que implica a restauração total da estrutura e função dos tecidos danificados.
Apesar da sua eficácia comprovada, a regeneração tecidular guiada apresenta limitações clínicas e resultados variáveis. Por isso, a investigação tem-se voltado para novas estratégias que complementem ou melhorem esta técnica.
Entre estas inovações, destaca-se a engenharia de tecidos e a impressão 3D introduzem uma abordagem revolucionária ao permitir a criação de scaffolds biomiméticos personalizados. Estes suportes estruturais favorecem a regeneração ao manter o espaço, estabilizar a ferida e controlar o processo de cicatrização periodontal de forma precisa.
Paralelamente, surge a abordagem acelular, que utiliza agentes terapêuticos para atrair células estaminais endógenas, superando assim alguns dos riscos e limitações associados à terapia celular.
Outras estratégias complementares têm-se mostrado promissoras, como a aplicação de plasma rico em fatores de crescimento, que acelera a cicatrização dos tecidos orais e melhora o conforto pós-operatório dos pacientes.
Da mesma forma, as membranas poliméricas impregnadas com antibióticos visam prevenir infeções que é uma das principais causas de insucesso da regeneração.
Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão da literatura é identificar e descrever novas técnicas e materiais utilizados em regeneração periodontal
Método: Foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica recorrendo às bases de dados Pubmed, Google scholar e Scopus. Critérios de inclusão: artigos em inglês; francês e português publicados entre Fevereiro de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2025
Guided tissue regeneration, introduced in 1982, marked a decisive advancement in periodontal treatment by enabling the restoration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. From a theoretical standpoint, it is essential to distinguish between repair, the mere re-establishment of tissue continuity and regeneration, which involves the complete restoration of the structure and function of damaged tissues. Despite its proven effectiveness, guided tissue regeneration presents clinical limitations and variable outcomes. Consequently, research has increasingly focused on new strategies to complement or enhance this technique. Among these innovations, tissue engineering and 3D printing stand out by introducing a revolutionary approach that enables the creation of customised biomimetic scaffolds. These structural supports promote regeneration by maintaining space, stabilising the wound, and allowing precise control of the periodontal healing process. In parallel, the acellular approach has emerged, which uses therapeutic agents to attract endogenous stem cells, thereby overcoming some of the risks and limitations associated with cell-based therapies. Other complementary strategies have also shown promise, such as the application of plasma rich in growth factors, which accelerates the healing of oral tissues and enhances patients’ postoperative comfort. Similarly, polymeric membranes impregnated with antibiotics aim to prevent infections, one of the main causes of regeneration failure. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to identify and describe new techniques and materials used in periodontal regeneration. Method: A bibliographic search has been carried out using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Inclusion Criteria: Articles in English, French, and Portuguese published between February 2020 and February 2025.
Guided tissue regeneration, introduced in 1982, marked a decisive advancement in periodontal treatment by enabling the restoration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. From a theoretical standpoint, it is essential to distinguish between repair, the mere re-establishment of tissue continuity and regeneration, which involves the complete restoration of the structure and function of damaged tissues. Despite its proven effectiveness, guided tissue regeneration presents clinical limitations and variable outcomes. Consequently, research has increasingly focused on new strategies to complement or enhance this technique. Among these innovations, tissue engineering and 3D printing stand out by introducing a revolutionary approach that enables the creation of customised biomimetic scaffolds. These structural supports promote regeneration by maintaining space, stabilising the wound, and allowing precise control of the periodontal healing process. In parallel, the acellular approach has emerged, which uses therapeutic agents to attract endogenous stem cells, thereby overcoming some of the risks and limitations associated with cell-based therapies. Other complementary strategies have also shown promise, such as the application of plasma rich in growth factors, which accelerates the healing of oral tissues and enhances patients’ postoperative comfort. Similarly, polymeric membranes impregnated with antibiotics aim to prevent infections, one of the main causes of regeneration failure. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to identify and describe new techniques and materials used in periodontal regeneration. Method: A bibliographic search has been carried out using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Inclusion Criteria: Articles in English, French, and Portuguese published between February 2020 and February 2025.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Regeneração tecidular guiada Novas tecnologias Engenharia de tecidos Biomateriais