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A cibersegurança e as estruturas críticas: A GNR: Ciberguarda, o futuro
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nas últimas duas décadas, a Internet e o ciberespaço tiveram um impacto
enorme em todos os sectores da sociedade, relacionando-se com todos os aspectos da
vivência na era da Informação. Fazendo uma análise abrangente, neste momento, a
nossa sociedade e o Ciberespaço são duas realidades indissociáveis.
A nossa vida diária, os direitos fundamentais, as interacções sociais e as
economias dependem continuamente do funcionamento das tecnologias da informação e
comunicação.
Com a crescente importância das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação em
todas as esferas da sociedade, a questão da Cibersegurança assumiu uma dimensão
estratégica em especial, na Segurança e Defesa Nacional. De acordo com a sua natureza
e capacidade disruptiva os ciberataques podem pôr em risco as Infra-Estruturas Críticas
nacionais.
A protecção do Ciberespaço acarreta novos e grandes desafios e há muito por
fazer, quer no plano internacional, quer nacional. Com diferentes níveis de
responsabilidade, tanto a indústria, como os cidadãos e os Estados, são partes
interessadas na cibersegurança como garantia dos bens jurídicos fundamentais e do
regular funcionamento das instituições.
Neste contexto, a atribuição de responsabilidades e competências no âmbito do
Ciberespaço, entendido como uma extensão virtual do mundo real em que habitamos,
deverá obedecer à mesma lógica e fundamentos que caracterizam a Segurança e a
Defesa do Estado.
Face ao desenvolvimento da cibercriminalidade e ao crescente número de
incidentes e intrusões a sistemas de vários órgãos e instituições nacionais, as Forças de
Segurança têm que proteger os seus sistemas de informação e terão ainda de prosseguir
as novas políticas de Cibersegurança Internacionais e Nacionais.
Relativamente à metodologia e a fim de alcançar os objectivos definidos para a
investigação, principiou-se por efectuar um levantamento do Estado da Arte,
recorrendo, para o efeito, à pesquisa e à análise documental em obras ligadas à temática. Simultaneamente, aplicando o método inquisitivo, procedeu-se à realização de
entrevistas semi-directivas, às principais entidades que detêm o conhecimento crítico
nesta área de estudo e também os responsáveis pelas diversas estruturas alvo de estudo e
análise, correspondendo estes capítulos à fase analítica.
No decorrer da elaboração do trabalho foi constatado que a Cibersegurança será
uma das principais preocupações dos Estados neste século, em particular no que diz
respeito à segurança das Infra-Estruturas Críticas de Informação. Ao longo do trabalho
foi possível conhecer a vertente da Cibersegurança da Guarda e pelos testemunhos
recolhidos e análise da legislação é também possível prever que será exigido à GNR
adaptar-se a esta nova realidade.
Esta adaptação deve ser orientada por seis objectivos, sendo eles: a Investigação
e Desenvolvimento, Normalização e Certificação, Formação e Consciencialização,
Alerta e Resposta a Incidentes, Combate ao Cibercrime e Protecção de Infra-Estruturas
Críticas.
Um grande contributo para a cibersegurança do nosso país, seria o
desenvolvimento de “Programas Especiais de Polícia” ligados ao Cyber-Policing, tendo
em vista a consciencialização dos cidadãos e de outros sectores público-privados sobre
as diversas formas que existem para minimizar os seus efeitos. E desenvolver ainda as valências de business continuity e disaster recovery.
Abstract In the last two decades, the Internet and Cyberspace had a huge impact in all sectors of society, and are related to all aspects of living in the age of information. Making an introspective analysis, right now, our society and Cyberspace are inseparable realities. In our daily life, the fundamental rights, social interactions and economies depend on the continuous function of the Information and Communication Technologies. With the growing importance of Information and Communication Technologies in all spheres of society, the issue of Cybersecurity assumed a strategic dimension in particular in the National Security and Defense Strategies. Taking into account its nature and capacity, disruptive cyber-attacks can jeopardize Critical National Infrastructures. The protection of cyberspace brings new challenges and much work to be done, either Nationally and Internationally. With different levels of responsibility, industry, citizens and states are stakeholders in cybersecurity as a guarantor of fundamental legal rights. In this context, the allocation of responsibilities and powers under Cyberspace, conceptualized as a virtual extension of the real world we inhabit, it should follow the same logic and principles which characterize the security and defense of the state. Given the development of Cybercrime and the growing number of incidents and intrusions to various Organs and Systems of National Institutions, Security Forces in addition to having to protect their information systems and continue with the existing National and International Cybersecurity policies. In order to achieve the objectives set for the research, began to conduct a survey on the state of the art, using for this purpose, to research and document analysis in works related to the theme. Simultaneously, we proceeded to interviews, applying the inquisitive method, through semi-directive questioning, the main entities that hold critical knowledge in this area of study and also those responsible for the different structures that are the focus of the study and analysis, corresponding to the chapters of the analytical phase. During the research we found that Cybersecurity will be one of the main concerns in this century, specially the security Infrastructure of Critical Information. During this work it was possible to understand GNR role in Cybersecurity and the testimonies collected and analysis of the legislation indicate that GNR will be required to adapt to this new reality. This adaptation should be driven in six objectives, namely: Research and Development, Standardization and Certification, Training and Awareness, Alert and Incident Response, Cybercrime Fight and Protection of Critical Infrastructure. A major contribution to the Cybersecurity of our country would be the development of "Special Police Programs" related to Cyber-Policing, with the intent to raising awareness of citizens and other public-private entities about the various ways that exist to minimize their effects. Also develop tools and capabilities of business continuity e disaster recovery.
Abstract In the last two decades, the Internet and Cyberspace had a huge impact in all sectors of society, and are related to all aspects of living in the age of information. Making an introspective analysis, right now, our society and Cyberspace are inseparable realities. In our daily life, the fundamental rights, social interactions and economies depend on the continuous function of the Information and Communication Technologies. With the growing importance of Information and Communication Technologies in all spheres of society, the issue of Cybersecurity assumed a strategic dimension in particular in the National Security and Defense Strategies. Taking into account its nature and capacity, disruptive cyber-attacks can jeopardize Critical National Infrastructures. The protection of cyberspace brings new challenges and much work to be done, either Nationally and Internationally. With different levels of responsibility, industry, citizens and states are stakeholders in cybersecurity as a guarantor of fundamental legal rights. In this context, the allocation of responsibilities and powers under Cyberspace, conceptualized as a virtual extension of the real world we inhabit, it should follow the same logic and principles which characterize the security and defense of the state. Given the development of Cybercrime and the growing number of incidents and intrusions to various Organs and Systems of National Institutions, Security Forces in addition to having to protect their information systems and continue with the existing National and International Cybersecurity policies. In order to achieve the objectives set for the research, began to conduct a survey on the state of the art, using for this purpose, to research and document analysis in works related to the theme. Simultaneously, we proceeded to interviews, applying the inquisitive method, through semi-directive questioning, the main entities that hold critical knowledge in this area of study and also those responsible for the different structures that are the focus of the study and analysis, corresponding to the chapters of the analytical phase. During the research we found that Cybersecurity will be one of the main concerns in this century, specially the security Infrastructure of Critical Information. During this work it was possible to understand GNR role in Cybersecurity and the testimonies collected and analysis of the legislation indicate that GNR will be required to adapt to this new reality. This adaptation should be driven in six objectives, namely: Research and Development, Standardization and Certification, Training and Awareness, Alert and Incident Response, Cybercrime Fight and Protection of Critical Infrastructure. A major contribution to the Cybersecurity of our country would be the development of "Special Police Programs" related to Cyber-Policing, with the intent to raising awareness of citizens and other public-private entities about the various ways that exist to minimize their effects. Also develop tools and capabilities of business continuity e disaster recovery.
Description
Keywords
Cibersegurança Ciberespaço Ciberameaças Guarda Nacional Republicana
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino