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Glúten, lactose e proteína do leite de vaca em medicamentos utilizados em medicina dentária
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A prevalência das alergias alimentares tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, incluindo a
alergia à proteína do leite de vaca e ao glúten. Nos pacientes alérgicos é essencial uma
dieta de evicção, incluindo a ingestão de medicamentos cuja composição inclua estes
alergénios. O glúten, lactose e proteína do leite de vaca podem estar presentes nos
medicamentos como excipientes e, apesar das reações adversas a excipientes serem
consideradas raras, a presença destes componentes pode desencadear reações graves em pacientes alérgicos.
Este estudo pretendeu avaliar a presença de glúten, lactose ou proteína do leite de vaca
em medicamentos frequentemente utilizados em Medicina Dentária, tendo-se selecionado medicamentos com amoxicilina, ibuprofeno ou paracetamol, de administração oral ou retal, incluindo preparações pediátricas e para adultos. Este levantamento teve ainda como objetivo realizar uma listagem de medicamentos contraindicados em pacientes com intolerância/alergia a estes alergénios.
Efetuou-se a pesquisa de glúten e derivados do leite na lista de excipientes do Resumo
das Características dos Medicamentos, utilizando a base de dados INFOMED.
Verificou-se uma elevada prevalência de glúten e lactose nos medicamentos estudados,
sobretudo nas formulações em comprimidos. No entanto constatou-se também que a
origem dos excipientes e a sua quantidade nem sempre é explícita no RCM, podendo
suscitar dúvidas nos prescritores e consumidores e desencadear riscos no seu consumo.
Este estudo destaca a necessidade dos médicos dentistas consultarem no RCM a
composição detalhada dos medicamentos aquando da sua prescrição a pacientes
alérgicos. A pesquisa por excipiente na base de dados INFOMED ou a inserção de avisos na embalagem exterior dos medicamentos, a indicar a ausência de determinados
alergénios (como o glúten e o leite) poderão ser soluções para a dificuldade dos
profissionais de saúde e pacientes acederem de uma forma rápida e inequívoca à
composição dos medicamentos.
The prevalence of food allergies has been rising in the last decades, including the allergies to cow’s milk protein and gluten. In allergic patients it’s essential an eviction diet, including the ingestion of medicines which include these allergens in its composition. Gluten, lactose and cow’s milk protein can be present in medicines as excipients and although adverse reactions to excipients are considered rare, the presence of these components can trigger severe reactions in allergic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of gluten, lactose or cow’s milk proteins in commonly prescribed medicines in dentistry containing amoxicilin, ibuprofen or paracetamol, for oral or rectal administration, including pediatric and adult preparations. Another objective of this study was to make up a list of medicines contraindicated for patients with intolerance/allergy to these allergens. The research of gluten or milk derivatives in medicines was made through consultation of the list of excipients of the Summary of Product Characteristics (RCM), using the INFOMED database. A high prevalence of gluten and lactose was found in the studied medicines, especially in pills formulations. However, it was also found that the origin of the excipients and their quantity is not always explicit in the RCM, which can cause doubts in the prescribers and consumers and trigger risks in their consumption. This study outlines the need for dentists to consult the detailed composition of medicines in the RCM when prescribing medications to allergic patients. The possibility to search in INFOMED database by excipient or the insertion of warning labels in the outside package of medicines indicating the absence of allergens (like gluten, milk or others) can be solutions to the difficulty that health professionals and patients have when trying to access the composition of medicines in a quick and unmistakable way.
The prevalence of food allergies has been rising in the last decades, including the allergies to cow’s milk protein and gluten. In allergic patients it’s essential an eviction diet, including the ingestion of medicines which include these allergens in its composition. Gluten, lactose and cow’s milk protein can be present in medicines as excipients and although adverse reactions to excipients are considered rare, the presence of these components can trigger severe reactions in allergic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of gluten, lactose or cow’s milk proteins in commonly prescribed medicines in dentistry containing amoxicilin, ibuprofen or paracetamol, for oral or rectal administration, including pediatric and adult preparations. Another objective of this study was to make up a list of medicines contraindicated for patients with intolerance/allergy to these allergens. The research of gluten or milk derivatives in medicines was made through consultation of the list of excipients of the Summary of Product Characteristics (RCM), using the INFOMED database. A high prevalence of gluten and lactose was found in the studied medicines, especially in pills formulations. However, it was also found that the origin of the excipients and their quantity is not always explicit in the RCM, which can cause doubts in the prescribers and consumers and trigger risks in their consumption. This study outlines the need for dentists to consult the detailed composition of medicines in the RCM when prescribing medications to allergic patients. The possibility to search in INFOMED database by excipient or the insertion of warning labels in the outside package of medicines indicating the absence of allergens (like gluten, milk or others) can be solutions to the difficulty that health professionals and patients have when trying to access the composition of medicines in a quick and unmistakable way.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Glúten Lactose Proteína do leite de vaca Medicamentos