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Caracterização do estado de degradação dos elementos da envolvente e espaços exteriores de edifícios escolares em serviço
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| 5.42 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O objetivo desta dissertação é a apresentação de uma metodologia para a caracterização do estado de degradação dos elementos da envolvente e espaços exteriores de edifícios escolares em serviço. O objeto de estudo da dissertação é constituído por duas escolas básicas do 1º ciclo. Foram realizadas inspeções aos dois edifícios, com o objetivo de fazer o levantamento das anomalias existentes. É de referir que a metodologia desenvolvida poderá ser utilizada na caracterização de outros edifícios escolares.
Foi organizada uma base de dados, tendo em conta a caracterização funcional e a construtiva das escolas e na informação recolhida nas inspeções levadas a cabo durante as visitas efetuadas às escolas. A base de dados permitiu a realização de uma análise estatística, cujo conteúdo permite fazer a caracterização pretendida dos edifícios. As anomalias foram classificadas com base em níveis de gravidade, divididos em três níveis: 1 (menos grave), 2, e até 3 (o mais grave). As anomalias foram divididas por elementos fonte de manutenção e por espaços funcionais. Desta forma, foi possível fazer a análise dos espaços funcionais mais afetados, associando a degradação ao tipo de utilização, bem como verificar quais os elementos fonte de manutenção mais afetados. Através da utilização de informação recolhida em 2007, foi possível fazer a análise da evolução do estado de degradação dos edifícios escolares objeto de estudo e verificar se o plano de manutenção proposto por Silva (2011) foi, ou não, implementado. Verificou-se que as anomalias mais frequentes correspondem a fraturas ou elementos partidos, a elementos em falta, a elementos sem funcionamento ou à presença de detritos. Foi verificado que o aparecimento destas anomalias pode ser relacionado com o tipo de utilização, com a falta de atividades de manutenção e com a escolha dos materiais, variando para cada escola. A comparação entre os resultados obtidos através da aplicação da metodologia aos dados de 2013 e aos resultados obtidos com os dados de 2007, permitiu verificar que, de uma forma geral, o nível de gravidade das anomalias piorou.
Assim, com esta dissertação foi possível verificar a existência de indícios de que, em termos gerais, a manutenção planeada não foi executada nos prazos estabelecidos. Foi possível concluir que, caso os prazos estipulados para as atividades de manutenção tivessem sido cumpridos, muitas das anomalias observadas não teriam ocorrido e as que persistiram teriam sido corrigidas.
Abstract The goal of this dissertation is the introduction of a methodology for characterizing the state of degradation of the elements of the envelope and exterior areas, of school buildings in utilization. The object of study of this dissertation is composed of two elementary schools. There have been inspections to both buildings, with the goal of making a survey of the existing anomalies. It’s important to say that the developed methodology may be used in the characterization of other school buildings. A database has been organized, based on the functional e constructive characterization of the schools and on the information gathered while performing the inspections undertaken during the visits to the schools. The database allowed the elaboration of statistical analysis, with content that permits making the desired characterization of the buildings. The anomalies have been classified with levels of severity, divided into three levels: 1 (less severe), 2 and 3 (the most severe). They were also divided by maintenance source elements and by functional areas. That ways, it was possible do make an analysis of the most affected functional areas, associating the degradation to the type of utilization, as well as verify which maintenance source elements are the most affected. Through the use of the information gathered in 2007, it was possible to make an analysis of the evolution of state of degradation of the object of study school buildings and investigate if the maintenance plan, proposed by Silva (2011b), was, or wasn’t, implemented. It was realized that the most frequent anomalies correspond to fractures or broken elements, missing elements, elements not functioning or to the presence of debris. It was verified that the manifestation of such anomalies may be related to the type of utilization, the lack of maintenance activities e the choice of materials, differing from one case to the other. The comparison of the results obtained with the application of the methodology to the data of 2013 and its application to the data of 2007, allowed the realization that, in general terms, the level of severity of the anomalies aggravated. That way, with this dissertation it was possible to verify the existence of evidence that leads to the fact that, in general terms, the planned maintenance wasn’t performed in the established deadlines. It was possible to conclude that, if the established deadlines were met, many of the observed anomalies wouldn’t have occurred and the ones which persisted would have been corrected.
Abstract The goal of this dissertation is the introduction of a methodology for characterizing the state of degradation of the elements of the envelope and exterior areas, of school buildings in utilization. The object of study of this dissertation is composed of two elementary schools. There have been inspections to both buildings, with the goal of making a survey of the existing anomalies. It’s important to say that the developed methodology may be used in the characterization of other school buildings. A database has been organized, based on the functional e constructive characterization of the schools and on the information gathered while performing the inspections undertaken during the visits to the schools. The database allowed the elaboration of statistical analysis, with content that permits making the desired characterization of the buildings. The anomalies have been classified with levels of severity, divided into three levels: 1 (less severe), 2 and 3 (the most severe). They were also divided by maintenance source elements and by functional areas. That ways, it was possible do make an analysis of the most affected functional areas, associating the degradation to the type of utilization, as well as verify which maintenance source elements are the most affected. Through the use of the information gathered in 2007, it was possible to make an analysis of the evolution of state of degradation of the object of study school buildings and investigate if the maintenance plan, proposed by Silva (2011b), was, or wasn’t, implemented. It was realized that the most frequent anomalies correspond to fractures or broken elements, missing elements, elements not functioning or to the presence of debris. It was verified that the manifestation of such anomalies may be related to the type of utilization, the lack of maintenance activities e the choice of materials, differing from one case to the other. The comparison of the results obtained with the application of the methodology to the data of 2013 and its application to the data of 2007, allowed the realization that, in general terms, the level of severity of the anomalies aggravated. That way, with this dissertation it was possible to verify the existence of evidence that leads to the fact that, in general terms, the planned maintenance wasn’t performed in the established deadlines. It was possible to conclude that, if the established deadlines were met, many of the observed anomalies wouldn’t have occurred and the ones which persisted would have been corrected.
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Keywords
Escolas básicas Envolvente Espaços exteriores Anomalias Estado de degradação Manutenção Níveis de gravidade Elementos fonte de manutenção Espaços funcionais