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A integração da família no processo terapêutico otimiza o cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa doente. A família da pessoa em situação crítica tem necessidades específicas associadas à incerteza da situação, ao risco de vida eminente, e ainda ao ambiente tecnológico desconhecido, sendo uma das necessidades mais emergentes a de comunicação. A comunicação terapêutica com a família da pessoa em situação crítica permite diminuir o seu sofrimento, porque clarifica a compreensão da situação, fornece suporte emocional e reduz a ansiedade.
O objetivo de desenvolver competências especializadas de enfermagem na comunicação terapêutica com a família da pessoa em situação crítica norteou um percurso de aquisição e consolidação de competências especializadas em enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa em situação crítica e sua família. O referencial teórico adotado foi o Nursing as Caring e o Modelo de Avaliação e Intervenção de Calgary. Os contextos de estágio, em serviço de urgência e em unidade de cuidados intensivos, permitiram a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências especializadas em enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa e família a vivenciar processos complexos de doença crítica e/ou falência orgânica; na resposta a situações de emergência e exceção; e na prevenção e controlo da infeção, otimizando a resposta da equipa multiprofissional. A análise reflexiva das práticas, consolidada pela participação em eventos formativos e a realização de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, permitiu demonstrar um nível aprofundado de consciência crítica para os desafios da disciplina, abordando questões complexas de forma sistemática, reflexiva, criativa e inovadora. O percurso encetado consolidou competências no domínio da gestão dos cuidados, melhoria contínua da qualidade, desenvolvimento das aprendizagens profissionais e responsabilidade profissional, ética e legal. O cuidado de enfermagem especializado, à família da pessoa em situação crítica, requer a adoção de consistentes práticas relacionais com a família em crise, sendo suportadas em estratégias de comunicação terapêuticas, que exigem competência para o seu uso enquanto instrumento do cuidar.
The integration of the family in the therapeutic process optimizes nursing care to sick person. The family of the person in a critical situation has specific needs associated with the uncertainty of the situation, the imminent risk of life, and the unknown technological environment, being one of the most emerging needs the need of communication. Therapeutic communication with the family of the critically ill person allows the nurse to reduce suffering, because it clarifies the understanding of the situation, provides emotional support, and reduces anxiety. The goal of developing specialized nursing skills in therapeutic communication with the family of the critically ill person guided a path of acquisition and consolidation of specialized nursing skills while caring for people in critical situations and their families. The referential theoretical framework adopted was the Nursing as Caring and the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Model. The internship contexts, in an emergency department and an intensive care unit, allowed the acquisition and development of specialized nursing skills while caring for the person and family that experience complex processes of critical illness and / or organ failure; responding to emergency and exception situations; and in the prevention and control of infection, optimizing the multi-professional team’s response. The reflective analysis of practices, consolidated by participation in formative events and the development of a Integrative Literature Review, allowed to demonstrate a deep level of critical awareness of the challenges of the discipline, approaching complex issues in a systematic, reflective, creative and innovative way. This journey has consolidated competences in the field of care management, continuous quality improvement, development of professional learning and professional, ethical, and legal responsibility. Specialized nursing care to the family of the critically ill person, requires the adoption of consistent relationship practices with the family in crisis, supported by therapeutic communication strategies, which demand competence for its use as an instrument of care.
The integration of the family in the therapeutic process optimizes nursing care to sick person. The family of the person in a critical situation has specific needs associated with the uncertainty of the situation, the imminent risk of life, and the unknown technological environment, being one of the most emerging needs the need of communication. Therapeutic communication with the family of the critically ill person allows the nurse to reduce suffering, because it clarifies the understanding of the situation, provides emotional support, and reduces anxiety. The goal of developing specialized nursing skills in therapeutic communication with the family of the critically ill person guided a path of acquisition and consolidation of specialized nursing skills while caring for people in critical situations and their families. The referential theoretical framework adopted was the Nursing as Caring and the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Model. The internship contexts, in an emergency department and an intensive care unit, allowed the acquisition and development of specialized nursing skills while caring for the person and family that experience complex processes of critical illness and / or organ failure; responding to emergency and exception situations; and in the prevention and control of infection, optimizing the multi-professional team’s response. The reflective analysis of practices, consolidated by participation in formative events and the development of a Integrative Literature Review, allowed to demonstrate a deep level of critical awareness of the challenges of the discipline, approaching complex issues in a systematic, reflective, creative and innovative way. This journey has consolidated competences in the field of care management, continuous quality improvement, development of professional learning and professional, ethical, and legal responsibility. Specialized nursing care to the family of the critically ill person, requires the adoption of consistent relationship practices with the family in crisis, supported by therapeutic communication strategies, which demand competence for its use as an instrument of care.
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Palavras-chave
Enfermagem de cuidados intensivos Cuidados de enfermagem Comunicação em saúde Cuidados críticos Relações profissional-família
