Loading...
Publication
Toxoplasmose: uma perspetiva de saúde pública
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1015.72 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial que afeta cerca de um terço da população humana, provocada por um protozoário intracelular obrigatório, Toxoplasma gondii. A distribuição deste parasita é influenciada por fatores climáticos, socioeconómicos, hábitos alimentares e regiões geográficas. É considerada uma parasitose emergente, inserida no complexo TORCH, que agrupa as principais infeções perinatais do Homem. O termo TORCH surge da fusão de Toxoplasma, Rubéola, Citomegalovírus e Herpesvirus, cuja ocorrência durante a gestação poderá ocasionar aborto espontâneo, nascimento prematuro, morte neonatal e ainda graves sequelas no feto. As formas habituais de infeção consistem na ingestão de quistos viáveis presentes em carne de porco crua ou mal cozinhada, cordeiro e caça, e ainda ingestão de oocistos presentes na água ou solo contaminados, assim como frutas e vegetais crus. Em Portugal devido a um défice de informação acerca desta doença, a maioria das mulheres toma medidas preventivas ineficazes que põem em causa o decorrer normal da gravidez. Esta problemática é decrescente, de norte para sul do país. Nesta dissertação pretender-se-á efetuar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a toxoplasmose, na perspetiva da saúde pública. O ciclo de vida e as características do parasita serão abordados numa perspetiva integrada, juntamente com a patogenia, diagnóstico e a identificação de fatores de risco da infeção em humanos. Serão igualmente discutidas as principais medidas de controlo da toxoplasmose em humanos.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis that affects around a third of human population, caused by an obligatory intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The distribution of this parasite is influenced by climatic factors, socioeconomic factors, food habits and geographic regions. Toxoplasmosis is considered an emerging parasitic disease, inserted into TORCH complex, which groups the major man’s perinatal infections. The term TORCH arises from the fusion of Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus, whose occurrence during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, premature birth, neonatal death, and even serious sequelae in the fetus. The usual ways of getting Toxoplasmosis consist on eating viable cysts present in raw or undercooked pork, lamb, and hunting and further ingestion of oocysts found in water or contaminated soil as well as raw fruits and vegetables. In Portugal, due the lack of information about this disease, most women take ineffective preventive measures that can affect the normal evolution of pregnancy. This problematic is increasing from north to south. In this thesis we aim to present a review about the subject of Toxoplasmosis in a public health perspective. The life cycle of the parasite and its features will be addressed in an integrated perspective, along with the pathophysiology, diagnosis and the identification of the risk factors for infection in humans. The main measures of control of Toxoplasmosis in humans will also be discussed.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis that affects around a third of human population, caused by an obligatory intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The distribution of this parasite is influenced by climatic factors, socioeconomic factors, food habits and geographic regions. Toxoplasmosis is considered an emerging parasitic disease, inserted into TORCH complex, which groups the major man’s perinatal infections. The term TORCH arises from the fusion of Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes virus, whose occurrence during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, premature birth, neonatal death, and even serious sequelae in the fetus. The usual ways of getting Toxoplasmosis consist on eating viable cysts present in raw or undercooked pork, lamb, and hunting and further ingestion of oocysts found in water or contaminated soil as well as raw fruits and vegetables. In Portugal, due the lack of information about this disease, most women take ineffective preventive measures that can affect the normal evolution of pregnancy. This problematic is increasing from north to south. In this thesis we aim to present a review about the subject of Toxoplasmosis in a public health perspective. The life cycle of the parasite and its features will be addressed in an integrated perspective, along with the pathophysiology, diagnosis and the identification of the risk factors for infection in humans. The main measures of control of Toxoplasmosis in humans will also be discussed.
Description
Keywords
Toxoplasmose Toxoplasma gondii Alimentos Transmissão vertical Zoonose TORCH Parasita Gato Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Food Vertical transmission Zoonosis Parasite Cat