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Nível de conhecimento e de perceção da relação entre a saúde oral e diabetes em pessoas a viver com diabetes
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença metabólica crónica caracterizada por níveis elevados de glicose no sangue. Tem elevada prevalência e pode causar diversas complicações sistémicas. Vários estudos demonstram uma relação bidirecional entre a diabetes e a saúde oral, sobretudo com a doença periodontal. A diabetes mal controlada favorece alterações na microbiota oral e inflamação gengival e a periodontite pode agravar o controlo glicémico. O conhecimento sobre essa relação é ainda limitado, comprometendo a prevenção e o tratamento.
Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento e perceção dos indivíduos a viver com Diabetes Mellitus, que frequentaram a Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz entre abril e julho de 2025, sobre a relação bidirecional entre a Diabetes Mellitus e a saúde oral. Desta forma, pretende-se identificar lacunas no conhecimento e contribuir para a sua melhoria, promovendo a consciencialização e uma abordagem mais integrada entre saúde sistémica e saúde oral.
Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional transversal realizado com 61 participantes adultos com Diabetes Mellitus tipos I e II, teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de conhecimento e perceção sobre a relação entre saúde oral e diabetes. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário estruturado. A análise estatística considerou variáveis demográficas, clínicas e comportamentais, complementadas pelos questionários OHVS e OHIP-14 para avaliar a valorização da saúde oral e o impacto na qualidade de vida.
Resultados: A amostra apresentava maioritariamente pacientes com diabetes tipo 2. Embora 65% afirmassem compreender a sua condição, apenas 45% reconheceram a relação entre diabetes e saúde oral. 55% relataram ser frequentemente afetados pela sua condição oral. 70% dos participantes acredita que cuidar da saúde oral pode ajudar a controlar a diabetes e 93% consideram importante que os diabéticos estejam melhor informados sobre essa relação.
Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou que o conhecimento acerca da relação entre diabetes e saúde oral é ainda limitado. Apesar de apresentarem algum conhecimento sobre a sua condição, os participantes apresentaram também hábitos orais inconsistentes e pouca orientação específica sobre os cuidados orais. Destacando a necessidade de estratégias educativas e intervenções multidisciplinares para melhorar a prevenção e o cuidado.
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. It has a high prevalence and can lead to various systemic complications. Several studies demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and oral health, particularly with periodontal disease. Poorly controlled diabetes promotes alterations in the oral microbiota and gingival inflammation, while periodontitis can worsen glycemic control. The knowledge regarding this relationship remain limited, compromising prevention and treatment. Objetive: To assess the level of knowledge and perception among individuals living with Diabetes Mellitus who attended the Egas Moniz University Clinic between April and July 2025 regarding the bidirectional relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and oral health. The aim is to identify gaps in knowledge and contribute to their improvement, promoting awareness and a more integrated approach between systemic and oral health. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted with 61 adult participants with Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus, aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and perception regarding the relationship between oral health and diabetes. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis considered demographic, clinical, and behavioral variables, complemented by the OHVS and OHIP-14 questionnaires to evaluate the importance of oral health and its impact on quality of life. Results: The sample consisted mainly of patients with type 2 diabetes. Although 65% reported understanding their condition, only 45% recognized the relationship between diabetes and oral health. 55% stated that they were frequently affected by their oral condition. 70% of participants believed that maintaining good oral health could help control diabetes, and 93% considered it important for people with diabetes to be better informed about this relationship. Conclusion: The present study revealed that knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and oral health is still limited. Although participants showed some awareness of their condition, they also demonstrated inconsistent oral hygiene habits and received little specific guidance regarding oral care. This highlight the need for educational strategies and multidisciplinary interventions to improve prevention and management.
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. It has a high prevalence and can lead to various systemic complications. Several studies demonstrate a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and oral health, particularly with periodontal disease. Poorly controlled diabetes promotes alterations in the oral microbiota and gingival inflammation, while periodontitis can worsen glycemic control. The knowledge regarding this relationship remain limited, compromising prevention and treatment. Objetive: To assess the level of knowledge and perception among individuals living with Diabetes Mellitus who attended the Egas Moniz University Clinic between April and July 2025 regarding the bidirectional relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and oral health. The aim is to identify gaps in knowledge and contribute to their improvement, promoting awareness and a more integrated approach between systemic and oral health. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted with 61 adult participants with Type I and II Diabetes Mellitus, aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and perception regarding the relationship between oral health and diabetes. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis considered demographic, clinical, and behavioral variables, complemented by the OHVS and OHIP-14 questionnaires to evaluate the importance of oral health and its impact on quality of life. Results: The sample consisted mainly of patients with type 2 diabetes. Although 65% reported understanding their condition, only 45% recognized the relationship between diabetes and oral health. 55% stated that they were frequently affected by their oral condition. 70% of participants believed that maintaining good oral health could help control diabetes, and 93% considered it important for people with diabetes to be better informed about this relationship. Conclusion: The present study revealed that knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and oral health is still limited. Although participants showed some awareness of their condition, they also demonstrated inconsistent oral hygiene habits and received little specific guidance regarding oral care. This highlight the need for educational strategies and multidisciplinary interventions to improve prevention and management.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus Saúde oral Conhecimento Perceção