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Análise estratégica para a seleção de aeronaves no planeamento de frota de operadores aéreos
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O presente Trabalho Final aborda a análise técnica e estratégica de aeronaves comerciais de
médio e longo curso, com o objetivo de identificar as opções mais eficientes e sustentáveis para
operadores aéreos no contexto das crescentes pressões ambientais e económicas. Este estudo
centra-se na comparação entre os modelos Airbus (A320neo e A350) e Boeing (737 MAX e
787 Dreamliner), utilizando uma abordagem metodológica mista que combina métodos
qualitativos e quantitativos.
A investigação teve como ponto de partida uma revisão bibliográfica abrangente para
contextualizar o setor da aviação e os desafios enfrentados pelos operadores aéreos, incluindo
o aumento dos custos operacionais, a necessidade de reduzir emissões de carbono e a adaptação
às mudanças na procura do mercado.
No âmbito metodológico, foram aplicados dois métodos complementares: o Processo de
Hierarquia Analítica (AHP), para definir e priorizar critérios de decisão, e a Análise de
Envoltória de Dados (DEA), para avaliar a eficiência relativa das aeronaves selecionadas. Os
dados foram adquiridos a partir de relatórios técnicos, estudos de caso e documentos oficiais
dos fabricantes, abrangendo critérios como consumo de combustível, custos de manutenção,
emissões de CO2, custo de aquisição, e autonomia. O modelo hub-and-spoke foi utilizado como
referência operacional para contextualizar a aplicação prática dos critérios analisados.
Os resultados demonstram que, no geral, as aeronaves Airbus apresentam uma ligeira vantagem
na vertente ambiental e custos operacionais como com combustível e manutenção. A aplicação
do DEA confirmou que ambas as combinações de aeronaves apresentam elevada eficiência
relativa, refletindo a competitividade das fabricantes em diferentes cenários operacionais.
Conclui-se que a escolha ideal de aeronaves depende diretamente das prioridades estratégicas
de cada operador aéreo, como a sustentabilidade ambiental, redução de custos ou maximização
da flexibilidade. Este trabalho oferece uma contribuição prática ao fornecer uma análise
estruturada e adaptável às necessidades específicas de operadores aéreos, considerando tanto
métricas objetivas quanto prioridades estratégicas. Além disso, destaca a relevância de
metodologias multicritério na tomada de decisão, especialmente em setores altamente
regulamentados e competitivos como a aviação comercial.
This Master’s Final Project focuses on the technical and strategic analysis of commercial aircraft for medium and long-haul operations, aiming to identify the most efficient and sustainable options for airline operators amid rising environmental and economic demands. The study compares models from Airbus (A320neo and A350) and Boeing (737 MAX and 787 Dreamliner), employing a mixed methodological approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The research began with an extensive literature review to contextualize the aviation industry, and the challenges faced by airline operators, including rising operational costs, the need to reduce carbon emissions, and adapting to shifting market demands. Methodologically, two complementary approaches were utilized: the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to define and prioritize decision criteria and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative efficiency of the selected aircraft. Data collection relied on reliable sources such as technical reports, case studies, and official manufacturer documents. Key criteria analyzed included fuel efficiency, maintenance costs, co2 emissions, initial purchase cost and range. The hub-and-spoke model served as an operational reference to contextualize the practical application of the analyzed criteria. The findings reveal that Airbus aircraft generally demonstrate a slight advantage in terms of environmental efficiency and operational costs such as maintenance and fuel. The DEA application confirmed that both aircraft combinations achieve high relative efficiency, reflecting the competitiveness of both manufacturers across various operational scenarios. In conclusion, the ideal choice of aircraft is directly influenced by the strategic priorities of each airline operator, whether focusing on environmental sustainability, cost reduction, or maximizing operational flexibility. This study provides practical contributions by offering a structured and adaptable analysis tailored to the specific needs of airline operators, while emphasizing the importance of multi-criteria methodologies in decision-making, particularly in highly regulated and competitive industries like commercial aviation.
This Master’s Final Project focuses on the technical and strategic analysis of commercial aircraft for medium and long-haul operations, aiming to identify the most efficient and sustainable options for airline operators amid rising environmental and economic demands. The study compares models from Airbus (A320neo and A350) and Boeing (737 MAX and 787 Dreamliner), employing a mixed methodological approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The research began with an extensive literature review to contextualize the aviation industry, and the challenges faced by airline operators, including rising operational costs, the need to reduce carbon emissions, and adapting to shifting market demands. Methodologically, two complementary approaches were utilized: the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to define and prioritize decision criteria and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative efficiency of the selected aircraft. Data collection relied on reliable sources such as technical reports, case studies, and official manufacturer documents. Key criteria analyzed included fuel efficiency, maintenance costs, co2 emissions, initial purchase cost and range. The hub-and-spoke model served as an operational reference to contextualize the practical application of the analyzed criteria. The findings reveal that Airbus aircraft generally demonstrate a slight advantage in terms of environmental efficiency and operational costs such as maintenance and fuel. The DEA application confirmed that both aircraft combinations achieve high relative efficiency, reflecting the competitiveness of both manufacturers across various operational scenarios. In conclusion, the ideal choice of aircraft is directly influenced by the strategic priorities of each airline operator, whether focusing on environmental sustainability, cost reduction, or maximizing operational flexibility. This study provides practical contributions by offering a structured and adaptable analysis tailored to the specific needs of airline operators, while emphasizing the importance of multi-criteria methodologies in decision-making, particularly in highly regulated and competitive industries like commercial aviation.