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Intervenções do enfermeiro de reabilitação na capacitação da pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As doenças do foro cardiovascular, em especial a insuficiência cardíaca têm vindo a ter uma incidência cada vez maior, afetando principalmente os idosos, mas também os jovens devido à redução da taxa de mortalidade e aumento da esperança média de vida, sendo fatores contributivos também, a alimentação, antecedentes pessoais e familiares dos doentes. Portugal é dos países da Europa com maior taxa de incidência desta doença crónica.
Esta patologia caracteriza-se como um síndrome clínico, manifestado por um conjunto de sinais (aumento da pressão jugular venosa, fervores pulmonares e edema periférico) e sintomas (falta de ar, edema dos membros inferiores e fadiga) resultantes de alterações estruturais ou funcionais do músculo cardíaco causando uma inadequada resposta às necessidades de oxigénio das células em repouso ou durante o exercício.
Identificar a etiologia da doença é fundamental para o diagnóstico.
As limitações impostas por esta doença atribuem-lhe uma grande complexidade uma vez que interfere com todas as vertentes da pessoa, vertente física, social, económica e psicológica. Os encargos associados à agudização desta patologia demonstram ser elevados, principalmente a nível hospitalar. Os programas de Enfermagem de Reabilitação permitem atuar de forma preventiva e pós agudização contribuindo para a manutenção e gestão da doença e suas complicações.
É assim possível perceber a importância da reabilitação cardíaca uma vez que; uma pessoa reabilitada tem uma maior capacidade de se manter socialmente e profissionalmente ativo e que pode apresentar diversos autocuidados, que podem estar comprometidos, sendo necessário desta forma uma abordagem multidisciplinar.
The diseases os the cardiovascular system, especially heart failure, have been increasingly prevalent, affecting primarily the elderly population but also the younger population due to decreased mortality and increased life expectancy. Contributing factos include diet, personal and family medical history of patients. Portugal is one of the European countries with the highest incidence rate of chronic disease. This pathology is characterized as a clinical syndrome, manifested by a set os signs (increased jugular venous pressure, pulmonary rales, and peripheral adema) and symptoms (shortness of breath, edema of the lower limbs, and fatigue) resulting from structural or functional alterations of the cardiac muscule, causing an inadequate response to the oxygen needs of cells at rest or during exercise. Identifying the etiology of the disease is crucial for the correct diagnosis. The limitations imposed by this disease make it highly complex, as it interferes with all aspects of the person, including physical, social, economic, and psychological aspects. The costs associated with the exacerbation of this pathology prove to be high, especially at the hospital level. Rehabilitation programs allow the specialized rehabilitation nurse to act preventively and post-exacerbation, contributing to the maintenance and management of the disease and its complications. It is thus possible to understand the importance of cardiac rehabilitation since a rehabilitated person has a greater ability to remain socially and professionally active and can adopt various self-care practices that may be compromised, necessitating a multidisciplinar approach.
The diseases os the cardiovascular system, especially heart failure, have been increasingly prevalent, affecting primarily the elderly population but also the younger population due to decreased mortality and increased life expectancy. Contributing factos include diet, personal and family medical history of patients. Portugal is one of the European countries with the highest incidence rate of chronic disease. This pathology is characterized as a clinical syndrome, manifested by a set os signs (increased jugular venous pressure, pulmonary rales, and peripheral adema) and symptoms (shortness of breath, edema of the lower limbs, and fatigue) resulting from structural or functional alterations of the cardiac muscule, causing an inadequate response to the oxygen needs of cells at rest or during exercise. Identifying the etiology of the disease is crucial for the correct diagnosis. The limitations imposed by this disease make it highly complex, as it interferes with all aspects of the person, including physical, social, economic, and psychological aspects. The costs associated with the exacerbation of this pathology prove to be high, especially at the hospital level. Rehabilitation programs allow the specialized rehabilitation nurse to act preventively and post-exacerbation, contributing to the maintenance and management of the disease and its complications. It is thus possible to understand the importance of cardiac rehabilitation since a rehabilitated person has a greater ability to remain socially and professionally active and can adopt various self-care practices that may be compromised, necessitating a multidisciplinar approach.
Description
Relatório de Estágio para obtenção do grau de mestre na Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz
Keywords
Enfermeiro Reabilitação cardíaca Insuficiência cardíaca