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Avaliação do impacto da realização de um teste rápido de deteção do antigénio estreptocócico do grupo A em farmácia comunitária
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A implementação de serviços Point of Care Testing (POCT) na farmácia comunitária fortalece o papel do farmacêutico na promoção da saúde. O teste diagnóstico antigénico rápido (TDAR) estreptocócico do grupo A é um POCT que possui indicação em doentes que apresentem sintomas de infeção aguda da orofaringe e/ou nasofaringe, auxiliando na diferenciação entre infeções bacterianas e virais no trato respiratório superior.
Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto da realização de um POCT na farmácia comunitária para a abordagem de faringites infeciosas.
Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo observacional (Fevereiro-Maio 2024), na Farmácia Reis Barata. A população alvo consistiu em utentes com sintomatologia de dor de garganta e odinofagia que aceitaram participar no estudo. Foi realizado inicialmente um TDAR (Biosynex Strep A ®), seguido de aconselhamento farmacêutico, baseado nos resultados do teste, nas queixas dos utentes e na avaliação clínica de acordo com os Critérios Centor. Após 48h da realização do TDAR existiu um acompanhamento telefónico de todos os participantes para avaliação de: outcomes clínicos e terapêuticos, intervenção realizada, conhecimento e satisfação do serviço prestado. A análise dos dados foi realizada com recurso a estatística descritiva no IBM SPSS Statistic v.29.0.
Resultados: Participaram 49 participantes, com uma média de idades de 31 ± 14,97 anos, destacando-se uma maior incidência da realização do TDAR no sexo feminino (73%; n=36). Relativamente aos resultados dos TDAR, 18% (n=9) obtiveram um resultado positivo de faringite estreptocócica. A avaliação pós intervenção identificou melhorias em 90% (n=44) dos indivíduos, sendo que 89% (n=8) dos participantes com resultado
positivo cumpriu com as recomendações do farmacêutico de se dirigir ao médico, e nenhum participante com TDAR negativo realizou antibioterapia.
Conclusão: Os TDAR nas farmácias comunitárias são promissores na triagem de faringites, particularmente devido à dificuldade da distinção clínica, contribuindo para a redução da prescrição inadequada de antibióticos e resistência antibiótica. No entanto, é necessário desenvolver futuras intervenções que incluam estratégias de divulgação e colaboração interprofissional a fim de expandir este importante serviço farmacêutico.
Introduction: The implementation of point-of-care testing (POCT) services in community pharmacy enhances the pharmacist9s role in promoting health. The Group A Streptococcal rapid antigen diagnostic test (RADT) is a POCT indicated for patients presenting with symptoms of acute oropharyngeal and/or nasopharyngeal infection, and helping to differentiate between bacterial and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Objectives: To assess the impact of implementing a POCT in a community pharmacy for managing infectious pharyngitis Methods: An observational study was conducted (February-May 2024) at the Reis Barata pharmacy. The target population comprised patients with sore throat and odynophagia who agreed to participate in the study. Initially, a RADT (Biosynex Strep A ®) was performed, followed by pharmaceutical counseling based on the test results, the patient's complaints, and a clinical evaluation according to the Centor criteria. All participants were followed up by telephone 48 hours after the RADT to assess clinical and therapeutic outcomes, the interventions carried out, and their knowledge and satisfaction with the service provided. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in IBM SPSS Statistic v.29.0. Results: A total of 49 participants were included in the stud, with a mean age of 31 ± 14.97 years, and a higher incidence of RADTs performed in women (73%; n=36). Among the RADT results, 18% (n=9) tested positive for streptococcal pharyngitis. Postintervention assessments showed improvements in 90% (n=44) of individuals, with 89% (n=8) of those testing positive following the pharmacist's recommendation to see a doctor; no participants with a negative RADT received antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: RADTs in community pharmacies are promising tools for screening pharyngitis, especially given the challenges in clinically distinguishing its causes. By facilitating accurate diagnoses, these tests can help reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic resistance. However, future interventions should focus on developing effective dissemination strategies and fostering interprofessional collaboration to expand the delivery of this important pharmaceutical service.
Introduction: The implementation of point-of-care testing (POCT) services in community pharmacy enhances the pharmacist9s role in promoting health. The Group A Streptococcal rapid antigen diagnostic test (RADT) is a POCT indicated for patients presenting with symptoms of acute oropharyngeal and/or nasopharyngeal infection, and helping to differentiate between bacterial and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Objectives: To assess the impact of implementing a POCT in a community pharmacy for managing infectious pharyngitis Methods: An observational study was conducted (February-May 2024) at the Reis Barata pharmacy. The target population comprised patients with sore throat and odynophagia who agreed to participate in the study. Initially, a RADT (Biosynex Strep A ®) was performed, followed by pharmaceutical counseling based on the test results, the patient's complaints, and a clinical evaluation according to the Centor criteria. All participants were followed up by telephone 48 hours after the RADT to assess clinical and therapeutic outcomes, the interventions carried out, and their knowledge and satisfaction with the service provided. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in IBM SPSS Statistic v.29.0. Results: A total of 49 participants were included in the stud, with a mean age of 31 ± 14.97 years, and a higher incidence of RADTs performed in women (73%; n=36). Among the RADT results, 18% (n=9) tested positive for streptococcal pharyngitis. Postintervention assessments showed improvements in 90% (n=44) of individuals, with 89% (n=8) of those testing positive following the pharmacist's recommendation to see a doctor; no participants with a negative RADT received antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: RADTs in community pharmacies are promising tools for screening pharyngitis, especially given the challenges in clinically distinguishing its causes. By facilitating accurate diagnoses, these tests can help reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic resistance. However, future interventions should focus on developing effective dissemination strategies and fostering interprofessional collaboration to expand the delivery of this important pharmaceutical service.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Farmácias comunitárias Streptococcus do grupo A Testes rápidos Resistência antibiótica