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Estudo da primovacinação na recria e engorda de bovinos de carne
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O presente trabalho foi realizado na engorda de bovinos de carne da Unidade de Manhente, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da primovacinação durante a recria e engorda no desempenho dos animais.
O estudo incidiu sobre 556 bovinos da raça Aberdeen-Angus ou cruzados provenientes de 22 fornecedores, tendo sido pesados à entrada, a meio e no final do ensaio, que durou 2 meses. Os animais foram submetidos a três programas vacinais: vacinação completa na exploração de recria, com reforço após 28 dias; primovacinação na exploração de recria e reforço na Unidade de Manhente; vacinação completa efetuada na Unidade de Manhente.
Foram analisados diversos parâmetros de crescimento e ingestão alimentar estimados em duas fases distintas e durante o período do ensaio, designadamente, peso vivo, ganho médio diário (GMD), índice de conversão (IC), ingestão média diária (INGDobs) e consumo alimentar residual (CAR), cujas estatísticas descritivas foram determinadas com o PROC MEANS e o PROC FREQ do programa do SAS®. Através do PROC CORR do mesmo programa estimaram-se os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre as características avaliadas. Procedeu-se a uma análise de variância de cada característica de crescimento e ingestão alimentar, com o PROC GLM do programa SAS®, com o objetivo de avaliar os principais efeitos ambientais que as influenciaram (exploração de origem, estação de nascimento, sexo do animal, tipo de pré-condicionamento, número de tratamentos e peso ao início do ensaio).
Os animais registaram durante o ensaio um GMD de 1,388±0,318 kg/dia e um IC de 4,628±1,627 de MS por kg de peso vivo. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson dos vários parâmetros de crescimento e ingestão estudados evidenciam correlações positivas e elevadas. O efeito da exploração de origem e do sexo do animal influenciaram significativamente (P<0.01) todas as características analisadas, com exceção do IC2 e do CAR. O GMD1, GMD2 e GMDT foram influenciados significativamente (P<0,01) pelo efeito linear do peso ao início do ensaio e a INGDobs e o CAR pelo efeito quadrático do peso ao início do ensaio. O pré-condicionamento apenas influenciou significativamente o GMD1 para P<0,05 e a INGDobs e o CAR, ambos para P<0,01, observando-se GMD’s mais elevados e menores ingestões e consumo alimentar residual quando os animais foram vacinados na exploração de recria e efetuaram o reforço na exploração de engorda na Unidade de Manhente.
Tendo em consideração os múltiplos fatores que influenciam o desempenho dos animais em engorda, é fundamental definir corretamente o programa vacinal e o momento mais adequado para o efetuar.
This project was carried out on the fattening of beef cattle of the Manhente Unit, in order to study the effect of the primary vaccination during the rearing and fattening of the performance of these animals. The study involved 556 Aberdeen-Angus or crossbreed cattle from 22 suppliers, weighed at the entry, middle and end of the trial, which lasted 2 months. The animals were submitted to three vaccination programs: complete vaccination in the rearing farm, with reinforcement after 28 days; primovacination in the farm of rearing and reinforcement in the Manhente Unit; complete vaccination done at the Manhente Unit. In this study, several parameters of growth and dietary intake were analyzed in two different phases and during the test period, namely, live weight, mean daily gain (GMD), conversion índex (IC), mean daily intake (INGDobs), whose descriptive statistics were determined with PROC MEANS and PROC FREQ of the SAS® program. Through the CORR PROC of the same program Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated between the evaluated characteristics. A variance analysis of each growth and food intake characteristic was performed with PROC GLM from the SAS® program, with the objective of evaluating the main environmental effects that influenced them (source farm, birth season, sex of the animal, type of preconditioning, number of treatments and weight at the beginning of the test). The animals recorded a GMD of 1.388 ± 0.318 kg / day and an IC of 4.628 ± 1.627 kg / kg during the test. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the various parameters of growth and intake studied showed positive and elevated correlations. The effect of the farm of origin and the sex of the animal significantly influenced (P <0.01) all the analyzed characteristics, except for IC2 and CAR (RFI). GMD1, GMD2 and GMDT were significantly influenced (P <0.01) by the linear effect of the weight at the beginning of the test and the INGDobs and the CAR by the quadratic effect of the weight at the beginning of the test (P1). Preconditioning only significantly influenced GMD1 for P <0.05 and INGDobs and CAR, both for P <0.01, with higher GMDs and lower intakes and residual feed intake when the animals were vaccinated on the farm and reinforced in the fattening farm in the Manhente Unit. Taking into consideration the multiple factors that influence the performance of fattening animals, it is essential to correctly define the vaccine program and the most appropriate time to do so.
This project was carried out on the fattening of beef cattle of the Manhente Unit, in order to study the effect of the primary vaccination during the rearing and fattening of the performance of these animals. The study involved 556 Aberdeen-Angus or crossbreed cattle from 22 suppliers, weighed at the entry, middle and end of the trial, which lasted 2 months. The animals were submitted to three vaccination programs: complete vaccination in the rearing farm, with reinforcement after 28 days; primovacination in the farm of rearing and reinforcement in the Manhente Unit; complete vaccination done at the Manhente Unit. In this study, several parameters of growth and dietary intake were analyzed in two different phases and during the test period, namely, live weight, mean daily gain (GMD), conversion índex (IC), mean daily intake (INGDobs), whose descriptive statistics were determined with PROC MEANS and PROC FREQ of the SAS® program. Through the CORR PROC of the same program Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated between the evaluated characteristics. A variance analysis of each growth and food intake characteristic was performed with PROC GLM from the SAS® program, with the objective of evaluating the main environmental effects that influenced them (source farm, birth season, sex of the animal, type of preconditioning, number of treatments and weight at the beginning of the test). The animals recorded a GMD of 1.388 ± 0.318 kg / day and an IC of 4.628 ± 1.627 kg / kg during the test. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the various parameters of growth and intake studied showed positive and elevated correlations. The effect of the farm of origin and the sex of the animal significantly influenced (P <0.01) all the analyzed characteristics, except for IC2 and CAR (RFI). GMD1, GMD2 and GMDT were significantly influenced (P <0.01) by the linear effect of the weight at the beginning of the test and the INGDobs and the CAR by the quadratic effect of the weight at the beginning of the test (P1). Preconditioning only significantly influenced GMD1 for P <0.05 and INGDobs and CAR, both for P <0.01, with higher GMDs and lower intakes and residual feed intake when the animals were vaccinated on the farm and reinforced in the fattening farm in the Manhente Unit. Taking into consideration the multiple factors that influence the performance of fattening animals, it is essential to correctly define the vaccine program and the most appropriate time to do so.
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Keywords
Vacinação Aberdeen-Angus GMD CAR Eficiência alimentar Parâmetros produtivos Vacination ADG RFI Food Efficiency Productive Parameters