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O paciente epilético na consulta de medicina dentária : cuidados e procedimentos de emergência
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A epilepsia é definida como uma doença neurológica crónica que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo mundo, e que se caracteriza por um risco recorrente de convulsões. Esta condição afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida destes pacientes, tendo também um impacto na sua saúde oral, que tende a ser pior comparativamente à população geral.
Tanto a patologia em si como a sua terapêutica apresentam repercussões na cavidade oral, sendo comum lesões nos tecidos orais e faciais derivadas das crises epiléticas e efeitos adversos da medicação com antiepiléticos como alterações salivares, hiperplasia gengival e o aumento do risco de lesões de cárie dentária e doenças periodontais.
Assim torna-se essencial que o médico-dentista tenha conhecimentos sobre a epilepsia, de modo a proporcionar os cuidados necessários em consultório, como ter em atenção as interações medicamentosas, estar atento às alterações orais que possam desenvolver-se, planear um tratamento adequado às necessidades especificas do paciente e instruir o mesmo a ter uma boa higiene oral. Para tal torna-se indispensável a realização de uma história clínica completa e um acompanhamento periódico do paciente.
Para além dos cuidados de rotina, o médico-dentista deve gerir o tratamento e a marcação de consultas, bem como manter um ambiente calmo e seguro no consultório de forma a evitar fatores que possam desencadear uma crise epilética e ficando atento a qualquer sinal que indique o início de uma crise. Na eventualidade de uma crise epilética o médico dentista precisa saber como atuar, adotando medidas de segurança que protejam o paciente de lesões.
Epilepsy is defined as a chronic neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide, characterized by a recurrent risk of seizures. This condition directly impacts the quality of life of these patients, also having an effect on their oral health, which tends to be worse compared to the general population. Both the pathology itself and its treatment have repercussions on the oral cavity, with oral and facial tissue lesions commonly resulting from epileptic seizures, as well as adverse effects of antiepileptic medication, such as salivary changes, gingival hyperplasia, and an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Thus, it is essential that dentists have knowledge about epilepsy in order to provide the necessary care in the clinic, such as being mindful of drug interactions, staying alert to oral changes that may develop, planning treatment tailored to the patient's specific needs, and instructing the patient on proper oral hygiene. For this, it is crucial to take a complete medical history and carry out periodic follow-ups with the patient. In addition to routine care, the dentist must manage treatment and appointment scheduling, as well as maintain a calm and safe environment in the clinic to avoid factors that could trigger an epileptic seizure, while being attentive to any signs that indicate the onset of a seizure. In the event of an epileptic seizure, the dentist must know how to act, adopting safety measures that protect the patient from injury.
Epilepsy is defined as a chronic neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide, characterized by a recurrent risk of seizures. This condition directly impacts the quality of life of these patients, also having an effect on their oral health, which tends to be worse compared to the general population. Both the pathology itself and its treatment have repercussions on the oral cavity, with oral and facial tissue lesions commonly resulting from epileptic seizures, as well as adverse effects of antiepileptic medication, such as salivary changes, gingival hyperplasia, and an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Thus, it is essential that dentists have knowledge about epilepsy in order to provide the necessary care in the clinic, such as being mindful of drug interactions, staying alert to oral changes that may develop, planning treatment tailored to the patient's specific needs, and instructing the patient on proper oral hygiene. For this, it is crucial to take a complete medical history and carry out periodic follow-ups with the patient. In addition to routine care, the dentist must manage treatment and appointment scheduling, as well as maintain a calm and safe environment in the clinic to avoid factors that could trigger an epileptic seizure, while being attentive to any signs that indicate the onset of a seizure. In the event of an epileptic seizure, the dentist must know how to act, adopting safety measures that protect the patient from injury.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Convulsão Epilepsia Saúde oral Protocolos de emergência