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Diarreia viral bovina
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Abstract(s)
A Diarreia Viral Bovina (DVB) é uma doença infeciosa com elevada expressão em Portugal, cuja
variabilidade antigénica do agente causal permite causar Infeção Subclínica, Infeção Transitória e
Infeção Persistente. A infeção causa grandes perdas económicas em explorações de bovinos devido à
redução da fertilidade, da produção de leite e dos ganhos médios diários, e ao surgimento de diarreia,
sintomas respiratórios, reabsorção e mumificação fetal e aborto. Quando as fêmeas gestantes são
infetadas pode ocorrer o nascimento de animais Persistentemente Infetados (PI). Esses animais PI
excretam grandes quantidades de partículas virais durante toda a sua vida, constituindo a principal
fonte de disseminação e manutenção do vírus na exploração. O vírus da BDV transmite-se
principalmente por contacto direto entre animais e é enzoótico em Portugal. O controlo da disseminação
do agente centra-se na identificação de animais PI´s e na sua eliminação da exploração, seguindo-se
a vacinação e uma constante vigilância serológica. Apesar da existência de medidas efetivas para o
controlo do Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (VDVB) e de a sua implementação resultar em benefício
económico, só um pequeno número de países implementaram um plano de controlo e erradicação a
nível nacional. O objetivo geral desta revisão bibliográfica sobre o VDVB visa caracterizar as
metodologias de identificação e diagnóstico da infeção e sistematizar informação sobre a sua
importância na bovinicultura a nível mundial, e caracterizar a melhor abordagem para o seu controlo e
erradicação. Para este efeito, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica da informação científica
internacional com revisão por pares publicada nos últimos 10 anos (exceto para produção científica
relativa a Portugal, que foi sempre considerada).
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious disease with high expression in Portugal, whose antigenic variability of the causal agent allows it to cause Subclinical Infection, Transient Infection and Persistent Infection. The infection causes great economic losses in cattle farms due to reduced fertility, milk production and average daily earnings, and the emergence of diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, fetal resorption and mummification and abortion. When pregnant females are infected, the birth of Persistently Infected (PI) animals can occur. These PI animals excrete large amounts of viral particles throughout their lives, constituting the main source of dissemination and maintenance of the virus on the farm. The BDV virus is mainly transmitted by direct contact between animals and is enzootic in Portugal. Controlling the spread of the agent focuses on the identification of PI's and their elimination from the farm, followed by vaccination and constant serological surveillance. Despite the existence of effective measures for the control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and its implementation resulting in economic benefit, only a small number of countries have implemented a control and eradication plan at the national level. The general objective of this bibliographic review on BVDV is to characterize the methodologies for identifying and diagnosing the infection and systematizing information about its importance in cattle farming worldwide and characterizing the best approach for its control and eradication. For this purpose, a bibliographic search of international scientific information with peer review published in the last 10 years was carried out (except for scientific production related to Portugal, which was always considered).
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is an infectious disease with high expression in Portugal, whose antigenic variability of the causal agent allows it to cause Subclinical Infection, Transient Infection and Persistent Infection. The infection causes great economic losses in cattle farms due to reduced fertility, milk production and average daily earnings, and the emergence of diarrhea, respiratory symptoms, fetal resorption and mummification and abortion. When pregnant females are infected, the birth of Persistently Infected (PI) animals can occur. These PI animals excrete large amounts of viral particles throughout their lives, constituting the main source of dissemination and maintenance of the virus on the farm. The BDV virus is mainly transmitted by direct contact between animals and is enzootic in Portugal. Controlling the spread of the agent focuses on the identification of PI's and their elimination from the farm, followed by vaccination and constant serological surveillance. Despite the existence of effective measures for the control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and its implementation resulting in economic benefit, only a small number of countries have implemented a control and eradication plan at the national level. The general objective of this bibliographic review on BVDV is to characterize the methodologies for identifying and diagnosing the infection and systematizing information about its importance in cattle farming worldwide and characterizing the best approach for its control and eradication. For this purpose, a bibliographic search of international scientific information with peer review published in the last 10 years was carried out (except for scientific production related to Portugal, which was always considered).
Description
Keywords
DVB Diagnóstico Perdas económicas Persistentemente infetado (PI) Controlo BVD Diagnosis Economic losses Persistently Infected (PI) Control