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Vírus Do Nilo Ocidental No Oeste Da Europa E O Seu Impacto Nos Equídeos
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| 3.71 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Esta revisão bibliográfica centra-se no impacto do vírus do Nilo Ocidental (VNO) nos países
europeus, com especial destaque para Europa do Este. O VNO, transmitido por mosquitos, emergiu
como uma ameaça crescente para a saúde pública nessas regiões. Este estudo permite reunir
informações sobre a etiologia do VNO, os padrões epidemiológicos do vírus, os fatores ambientais
que favorecem a sua propagação, as técnicas de diagnostico, bem como as consequências médicas
e socioeconómicas das epidemias recorrentes.
É realizada uma análise comparativa das abordagens nacionais de vigilância, prevenção e controlo
do VNO para avaliar a eficácia das estratégias adotadas pela Europa. Em termos de prevenção e
controlo, diversas abordagens foram discutidas, como a vacinação, disponível apenas para cavalos, o
que contribuiu para o aprofundamento de outras metodologias de prevenção não vacinais, tais como
o controlo de vetores, a vigilância epidemiológica e a sensibilização do público. No entanto, a
implementação bem-sucedida destas estratégias enfrenta diversos desafios, nomeadamente a
resistência aos inseticidas e a complexidade dos ecossistemas envolvidos no ciclo de transmissão.
Por fim, esta revisão sublinhou a importância crucial de compreender e gerir o VNO, tendo em conta
os seus aspetos epidemiológicos, patogénicos, ecológicos e sociais. Esforços coordenados a nível
mundial são necessários para enfrentar os desafios colocados pelo VNO.
This literature review focuses on the impact of West Nile Virus (WNV) in European countries, with a special emphasis on Eastern Europe. WNV, transmitted by mosquitoes, has emerged as a growing threat to public health in these regions. This study aims to gather information on the etiology of WNV, the virus's epidemiological patterns, environmental factors favoring its spread, diagnostic techniques, as well as the medical and socioeconomic consequences of its recurrent epidemics. A comparative analysis of national approaches to WNV surveillance, prevention, and control is conducted to assess the effectiveness of strategies adopted by Europe. In terms of prevention and control, various approaches have been discussed, such as vaccination, available only for horses, which has led to the development of other non-vaccine prevention methods, such as vector control, epidemiological surveillance, and public awareness. However, the successful implementation of these strategies faces various challenges, including insecticide resistance and the complexity of the ecosystems involved in the transmission cycle. Finally, this review highlighted the crucial importance of understanding and managing WNV, taking into account its epidemiological, pathogenic, ecological, and social aspects. Coordinated global efforts are necessary to address the challenges posed by WNV.
This literature review focuses on the impact of West Nile Virus (WNV) in European countries, with a special emphasis on Eastern Europe. WNV, transmitted by mosquitoes, has emerged as a growing threat to public health in these regions. This study aims to gather information on the etiology of WNV, the virus's epidemiological patterns, environmental factors favoring its spread, diagnostic techniques, as well as the medical and socioeconomic consequences of its recurrent epidemics. A comparative analysis of national approaches to WNV surveillance, prevention, and control is conducted to assess the effectiveness of strategies adopted by Europe. In terms of prevention and control, various approaches have been discussed, such as vaccination, available only for horses, which has led to the development of other non-vaccine prevention methods, such as vector control, epidemiological surveillance, and public awareness. However, the successful implementation of these strategies faces various challenges, including insecticide resistance and the complexity of the ecosystems involved in the transmission cycle. Finally, this review highlighted the crucial importance of understanding and managing WNV, taking into account its epidemiological, pathogenic, ecological, and social aspects. Coordinated global efforts are necessary to address the challenges posed by WNV.
Description
Keywords
Flavivirus West Nile Virus Vírus Do Nilo Occidental Equídeos Encefalite Neurologia Controlo Vacinação Vigilância Prevenção West Nile Virus Vírus Do Nilo Occidental Horses Encephalite Neurology Control Vaccination Surveillance Prevention