Loading...
Publication
A importância da medicina dentária no processo de identificação humana
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A medicina dentária forense é um ramo da medicina legal, que auxilia na identificação de indivíduos a partir de restos mortais humanos em caso de crimes, acidentes ou de catástrofes em massa, bem como na avaliação da idade de indivíduos vivos indocumentados (idade legal e imputabilidade penal, proteção de menores, refugiados).
Durante este processo, se não existirem evidências suficientes, os dentes podem ser o
único meio de efetuar uma identificação positiva. Cada ser humano tem uma dentição
única com a sua própria história dentária, o que permite a sua individualização. Perante os fatores ambientais externos e os elementos naturais, os dentes são um dos elementos mais resistentes do corpo humano. Estas caraterísticas podem permitir a identificação de indivíduos a partir de remanescentes humanos decompostos, em putrefação, carbonizados ou mumificados.
O processo de identificação passa por duas fases. Na fase reconstrutiva procura-se
estabelecer o perfil biológico do indivíduo e é utilizada quando não há indícios de identidade ou na ausência de elementos ante mortem para estimar características de identificação genérica (idade, sexo, afinidades populacionais e estatura). Permite,
portanto, reduzir o grupo demográfico de pertença do indivíduo. A fase comparativa, por
outro lado, compara os dados ante mortem de ficheiros de pacientes com os dados obtidos por peritos post mortem. Se os dados coincidirem (reconciliação), pode estabelecer-se
uma identificação positiva.
O objectivo deste estudo é demostrar a importância da dentição para o processo de identificação humana, utilizando várias ferramentas como a morfologia e características dos dentes, a análise da história clínica e radiológica, as características individuais, etc.
Na medicina dentária forense, é, portanto, importante ter acesso a registos dentários completos e preenchidos com precisão. Para realizar esta revisão bibliográfica foram utilizados os motores de pesquisa da Pubmed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scielo,
e do acervo bibliográfico da Egas Moniz School of Health and Science.
Forensic dentistry is a branch of forensic medicine that assists in the identification of individuals from human remains in the event of crimes, accidents or mass disasters, as well as in assessing the age of living undocumented individuals (legal age and criminal imputability, protection of minors, refugees). During this process, if there is insufficient evidence, teeth may be the only means of making a positive identification. Each human being has a unique set of teeth with their own dental history, which allows them to be individualized. In the face of external environmental factors and natural elements, teeth are one of the most resistant elements of the human body. These characteristics can make it possible to identify individuals from decomposed, putrefying, charred or mummified human remains. The identification process goes through two phases. The reconstructive phase seeks to establish the individual's biological profile and is used when there is no evidence of identity or in the absence of ante mortem elements to estimate generic identification characteristics (age, sex, population affinities and height). It therefore makes it possible to narrow down the demographic group to which the individual belongs. The comparative phase, on the other hand, compares ante mortem data from patient files with data obtained by post mortem experts. If the data matches (reconciliation), a positive identification can be established. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of dentition for the process of human identification, using various tools such as the morphology and characteristics of teeth, the analysis of clinical and radiological history, individual characteristics, etc. In forensic dentistry, it is therefore important to have access to complete and accurately completed dental records. To carry out this bibliographic review were used the search engines of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scielo, and the bibliographic collection of Egas Moniz School of Health and Science.
Forensic dentistry is a branch of forensic medicine that assists in the identification of individuals from human remains in the event of crimes, accidents or mass disasters, as well as in assessing the age of living undocumented individuals (legal age and criminal imputability, protection of minors, refugees). During this process, if there is insufficient evidence, teeth may be the only means of making a positive identification. Each human being has a unique set of teeth with their own dental history, which allows them to be individualized. In the face of external environmental factors and natural elements, teeth are one of the most resistant elements of the human body. These characteristics can make it possible to identify individuals from decomposed, putrefying, charred or mummified human remains. The identification process goes through two phases. The reconstructive phase seeks to establish the individual's biological profile and is used when there is no evidence of identity or in the absence of ante mortem elements to estimate generic identification characteristics (age, sex, population affinities and height). It therefore makes it possible to narrow down the demographic group to which the individual belongs. The comparative phase, on the other hand, compares ante mortem data from patient files with data obtained by post mortem experts. If the data matches (reconciliation), a positive identification can be established. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of dentition for the process of human identification, using various tools such as the morphology and characteristics of teeth, the analysis of clinical and radiological history, individual characteristics, etc. In forensic dentistry, it is therefore important to have access to complete and accurately completed dental records. To carry out this bibliographic review were used the search engines of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Scielo, and the bibliographic collection of Egas Moniz School of Health and Science.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Registos dentários Forense Identificação humana Dentes