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Saúde mental perinatal e trauma relacionado com o parto
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Abstract(s)
O parto é um processo fisiológico, contudo pode ser vivenciado como um evento traumático e provocar sofrimento, fobia e sentimentos de desamparo, perceção de perda de controlo e aumentar o risco de PSPT (Perturbação de Stress Pós-Traumático). Este trabalho surge no âmbito de um projeto major em curso no CINTESIS / ESEP (“Devotion - Perinatal Mental Health and Birth-Related Trauma”). O presente estudo tem como finalidade contribuir para a elaboração de um plano de cuidados de assistência perinatal para mulheres em risco de desenvolver PSPT e como objetivos: caracterizar sob o ponto de vista sociodemográfico e clínico a população em estudo, estudar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de SPT, avaliar a presença de sintomas de SPT na amostra e identificar focos de enfermagem que permitam definir uma estratégia de ajuda às mulheres que vivenciaram SPT. O presente estudo seguiu uma abordagem quantitativa, não experimental, descritivo/correlacional. A amostra do estudo contou com um total de 192 mulheres, selecionadas através de um método de amostragem não probabilística por redes (snow-ball). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico simples e a City Birth Trauma Scale. Os dados foram recolhidos entre 5 de dezembro de 2021 e 31 de março de 2022. Os resultados do estudo permitiram constatar: a presença de sintomas de PSPT em 59,9% (N=115) da amostra e a ausência de apoio profissional para ultrapassar o stress experienciado em 69,3% (N=133) da amostra. Foi possível negar: diferenças entre multíparas/primíparas em relação à sintomatologia de PSPT (t (190) = 0,833; p= 0,406), diferenças entre gravidezes planeadas/não planeadas em relação à sintomatologia de PSPT (t (190) = -0,361; p=0,718) e diferenças entre mulheres que nos últimos cinco anos vivenciaram/não vivenciaram uma experiência significativamente negativa e a presença de sintomas de PSPT (t (190) = -0,304; p= 0,761). Evidenciou-se uma correlação fortemente positiva entre o nível de stress auto-relatado e a presença de sintomatologia de PSPT (r=0,729; N=192; p=0.001) e estabeleceram-se diferenças entre os vários tipos de eventos traumáticos experienciados durante o parto relativamente à presença de sintomas de PSPT (F (6;184) = 2,423; p=0,028). Apuraram-se diferenças entre os vários tipos de parto em relação à presença de sintomas de PSPT (F (5; 186) = 2,739; p=0.021). O estudo mostra a pertinência da deteção precoce de sintomas psicopatológicos em mulheres com suspeita de parto traumático no período do pós-parto, a fim de se implementar um plano de intervenção promotor da transição para a maternidade saudável. Torna-se fundamental desenvolver mais pesquisa científica nesta área.
Childbirth is a physiological process, but it can be experienced as a traumatic event, causing suffering, phobia and feelings of helplessness, a perceived loss of control and increasing the risk of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). This work is part of a major project underway at CINTESIS / ESEP ("Devotion - Perinatal Mental Health and Birth-Related Trauma"). The aim of this study is to create an perinatal care plan for women at risk of developing PTSD and the objectives are: to characterize the study population from a sociodemographic and clinical point of view, to study the risk factors for developing PTSD, to assess the presence of PTSD symptoms in the sample, and to identify nursing focuses that would allow us to define a strategy to help women who have experienced PTSD. This study followed a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive/correlational approach. The study sample consisted of 192 women, selected using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method. The instruments used were a simple sociodemographic questionnaire and the City Birth Trauma Scale. Data was collected between December 5, 2021 and March 31, 2022. The results of the study revealed: the presence of PTSD symptoms in 59.9% (N=115) of the sample and the absence of professional support to overcome the stress experienced in 69.3% (N=133) of the sample. It was possible to deny: differences between multiparous/primiparous women in relation to PTSD symptomatology (t (190) = 0.833; p= 0.406), differences between planned/unplanned pregnancies in relation to PTSD symptomatology (t (190) = -0.361; p=0.718) and differences between women who have experienced/not experienced a significantly negative experience in the last five years in relation to the presence of PTSD symptoms (t (190) = -0.304; p= 0.761). There was a strong positive correlation between the level of self-reported stress and the presence of PTSD symptoms (r=0.729; N=192; p=0.001) and differences were found between the various types of traumatic events experienced during childbirth in relation to the presence of PTSD symptoms (F (6;184) = 2.423; p=0.028). Differences were found between the various types of birth relative to the presence of PTSD symptoms (F (5; 186) = 2.739; p=0.021). The study shows the relevance of early detection of psychopathological symptoms in postpartum women with suspected traumatic births in order to implement an intervention plan that promotes the transition to healthy motherhood. Further scientific research in this area is essential.
Childbirth is a physiological process, but it can be experienced as a traumatic event, causing suffering, phobia and feelings of helplessness, a perceived loss of control and increasing the risk of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). This work is part of a major project underway at CINTESIS / ESEP ("Devotion - Perinatal Mental Health and Birth-Related Trauma"). The aim of this study is to create an perinatal care plan for women at risk of developing PTSD and the objectives are: to characterize the study population from a sociodemographic and clinical point of view, to study the risk factors for developing PTSD, to assess the presence of PTSD symptoms in the sample, and to identify nursing focuses that would allow us to define a strategy to help women who have experienced PTSD. This study followed a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive/correlational approach. The study sample consisted of 192 women, selected using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method. The instruments used were a simple sociodemographic questionnaire and the City Birth Trauma Scale. Data was collected between December 5, 2021 and March 31, 2022. The results of the study revealed: the presence of PTSD symptoms in 59.9% (N=115) of the sample and the absence of professional support to overcome the stress experienced in 69.3% (N=133) of the sample. It was possible to deny: differences between multiparous/primiparous women in relation to PTSD symptomatology (t (190) = 0.833; p= 0.406), differences between planned/unplanned pregnancies in relation to PTSD symptomatology (t (190) = -0.361; p=0.718) and differences between women who have experienced/not experienced a significantly negative experience in the last five years in relation to the presence of PTSD symptoms (t (190) = -0.304; p= 0.761). There was a strong positive correlation between the level of self-reported stress and the presence of PTSD symptoms (r=0.729; N=192; p=0.001) and differences were found between the various types of traumatic events experienced during childbirth in relation to the presence of PTSD symptoms (F (6;184) = 2.423; p=0.028). Differences were found between the various types of birth relative to the presence of PTSD symptoms (F (5; 186) = 2.739; p=0.021). The study shows the relevance of early detection of psychopathological symptoms in postpartum women with suspected traumatic births in order to implement an intervention plan that promotes the transition to healthy motherhood. Further scientific research in this area is essential.
Description
Keywords
Trauma Psicológico Stress Pós-Traumático Período pós-parto Assistência Perinatal Adaptação Psicológica