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Causas de refugo em explorações leiteiras: revisão bibliográfica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os produtores têm sido cada vez mais aconselhados a otimizar os seus registos e, sobretudo, analisar e tratar tais registos de forma a obter informação que pode ser vital para o melhoramento da rentabilidade da exploração, rentabilidade essa que está dependente da produção leiteira para a obtenção de receitas. O registo das causas de refugo pode ser vantajoso na medida em que permite detetar problemas que ameaçam a economia da exploração que de outra forma passariam despercebidos.
Os produtores confrontam-se diariamente com a decisão de refugar e substituir uma vaca por outra que se espera que demonstre uma produção superior. Tal decisão é influenciada por diversos fatores como a saúde, produção leiteira, estado reprodutivo, disponibilidade de novilhas para substituição, desempenho reprodutivo, capacidade da exploração, quotas/limites de produção e preços do leite e carne.
As causas de refugo mais comumente registadas são doença metabólica, performance reprodutiva insatisfatória, problemas de úbere e produção leiteira baixa, acidentes/lesões e claudicação. Em cada uma destas são verificadas tendências dentro de fases específicas de lactação, número de paridade e o momento em que é detetado o problema.
O presente trabalho consistiu na revisão bibliográfica dos principais fatores que influenciam a decisão do refugo e a identificação das respetivas causas. Foram analisadas e descritas individualmente cada uma das causas e efetuada uma análise da situação atual.
Producers have been increasingly advised to optimize their record keepings and, most importantly, to analyse them in order to obtain information that may be vital for the improvement of the profitability of the farm, which is dependent on milk production for revenue. The recording of reasons of culling can be advantageous in that it allows the detection of problems that could threaten the economy of the farm that otherwise would go unnoticed. Every day, dairy producers face the decision to cull a cow and replace it with another that is expected to have a better production than the one removed. This decision is influenced by several factors such as health, milk production, reproductive status, availability of heifers for replacement, reproductive performance, farm capacity, quotas/milk production limits and prices of milk and meat. The most commonly reported culling causes are metabolic diseases, unsatisfactory reproductive performance, udder problems and low milk production, accidents/injuries and lameness. Within each of them, there are several trends specific to lactation phases, parity and the time at which the problem was detected. The present work compromises a literature review regarding the factors that influence the decision of culling and the identification of the underlying reasons. Each of the individual reasons were expound and a brief reflection of the current situation was made.
Producers have been increasingly advised to optimize their record keepings and, most importantly, to analyse them in order to obtain information that may be vital for the improvement of the profitability of the farm, which is dependent on milk production for revenue. The recording of reasons of culling can be advantageous in that it allows the detection of problems that could threaten the economy of the farm that otherwise would go unnoticed. Every day, dairy producers face the decision to cull a cow and replace it with another that is expected to have a better production than the one removed. This decision is influenced by several factors such as health, milk production, reproductive status, availability of heifers for replacement, reproductive performance, farm capacity, quotas/milk production limits and prices of milk and meat. The most commonly reported culling causes are metabolic diseases, unsatisfactory reproductive performance, udder problems and low milk production, accidents/injuries and lameness. Within each of them, there are several trends specific to lactation phases, parity and the time at which the problem was detected. The present work compromises a literature review regarding the factors that influence the decision of culling and the identification of the underlying reasons. Each of the individual reasons were expound and a brief reflection of the current situation was made.
Description
Keywords
Causas de refugo Produção leiteira Refugo Rentabilidade económica Risco de refugo Taxa de incidência de refugo Vacas leiteiras Causes of culling Cull incidence rate Cull risk Culling Dairy cows Economic profitability Milk production