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"Fui eu que chamei a polícia": os sem-abrigo entre o sentimento de insegurança e a utilidade social
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Abstract(s)
O sentimento de insegurança, arrogando especial centralidade no debate das questões de
problematização social, corporiza uma preocupação para as organizações que
formalmente integram o controlo social. Sob o sustentáculo de um modelo integrativo de
explicação do sentimento de insegurança, as incivilidades incorporam o crescente leque
das causas que potenciam esse sentimento. A existência de figuras com potencial de
desvio entre os demais atores sociais pode provocar insegurança, reclamando uma
atuação policial atenta a esta realidade. Sendo exigidas soluções securitárias, os atores
que patrocinam incivilidades representam uma preocupação. O sem-abrigo, cujo potencial
de desvio é espelhado pelas estratégias de sobrevivência que patenteiam a sua relação
com a urbe que habita, poderá contribuir para o aumento do sentimento de insegurança.
Todavia, é pertinente pensar a forma como lhes pode ser atribuída utilidade social e policial.
A presente investigação debruça-se sobre estas temáticas. Desenvolveu-se um estudo
qualitativo, exploratório, com aproximação etnográfica, na cidade do Porto. Recorrendo à
entrevista como instrumento de recolha de dados junto de sem-abrigo, comerciantes e
elementos policiais, usamos o trabalho de campo para desenvolver observação
participante, permitindo o cruzamento com o fenómeno dos sem-abrigo. Os resultados
obtidos por via de análise de conteúdo vão além do comummente expectável. Quando
olhados sob o ponto de vista do sentimento de insegurança, parece ser a mendicidade que
levam a cabo que os coloca nesse complexo enredo insecuritário. Não obstante, também
lhes pode ser atribuída utilidade social: porque podem ser pensados não só como
dispositivo de prevenção criminal, mas também enquanto informantes privilegiados.
The feeling of insecurity, centrepiece of the social problematization debate, embodies a concern among the organizations that formally integrate social control. Under the sinew of an integrative model for explaining the feeling of insecurity, incivilities incorporate the growing range of the causes that support it. The existence of players with potential for deviant behaviour among the remaining social actors may engender insecurity, which claims for a police activity concerned with this reality. Inasmuch as security solutions are demanded, the actors who support incivilities are of concern. The homeless, whose potential for deviance is mirrored by the strategies of survival that derive from his relationship with the polis, may contribute to an increased feeling of insecurity. However, it is pertinent to conceive the manner in which they can be attributed police and social utility. The present body of work concerns itself with these themes, through the development of a qualitative, exploratory study, with an ethnographic approach, in the city of Oporto. Data was collected resorting to interviews with homeless, traders and police officers, and also through participant observation during fieldwork. These techniques allowed us to align with the homeless phenomenon. The results obtained through content analysis go beyond the commonly expected. When looked upon from the point of view of the feeling of insecurity, it appears that it is the mendicancy the homeless carries out which puts him in that complex plot of insecurity. However, social utility can also be attributed to them: they can be framed not only as a criminal prevention device, but also as privileged informants.
The feeling of insecurity, centrepiece of the social problematization debate, embodies a concern among the organizations that formally integrate social control. Under the sinew of an integrative model for explaining the feeling of insecurity, incivilities incorporate the growing range of the causes that support it. The existence of players with potential for deviant behaviour among the remaining social actors may engender insecurity, which claims for a police activity concerned with this reality. Inasmuch as security solutions are demanded, the actors who support incivilities are of concern. The homeless, whose potential for deviance is mirrored by the strategies of survival that derive from his relationship with the polis, may contribute to an increased feeling of insecurity. However, it is pertinent to conceive the manner in which they can be attributed police and social utility. The present body of work concerns itself with these themes, through the development of a qualitative, exploratory study, with an ethnographic approach, in the city of Oporto. Data was collected resorting to interviews with homeless, traders and police officers, and also through participant observation during fieldwork. These techniques allowed us to align with the homeless phenomenon. The results obtained through content analysis go beyond the commonly expected. When looked upon from the point of view of the feeling of insecurity, it appears that it is the mendicancy the homeless carries out which puts him in that complex plot of insecurity. However, social utility can also be attributed to them: they can be framed not only as a criminal prevention device, but also as privileged informants.
Description
Keywords
Polícia Sentimento de insegurança Incivilidades Sem-abrigo