Loading...
Publication
Transição dos edifícios de tipologia pombalina para gaioleira
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38.53 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O terramoto de 1755 recriou a forma como se construía em Lisboa até aquele momento. O
desastre levou ao desenvolvimento de um sistema resistente ao sismo, conhecido posteriormente
como construção Pombalina, idealizado por Marquês de Pombal.
Esse sistema novo estava integrado num plano de reconstrução da cidade que definia como
construir de forma segura e rápida. Porém, ao longo dos anos esse plano foi sendo desrespeitado
por causa das necessidades económicas e por interesses no aumento do potencial construtivo.
Necessidades essas que se sobrepuseram à segurança sísmica dos edifícios.
A degradação desta tipologia foi acontecendo ao longo de décadas, até se chegar ao seu auge
com a chegada da fase denominada como Gaioleira. Este período reflete um abandono de
algumas das boas características construtivas utilizadas até essa data.
É a partir desta base histórica que a presente pesquisa se inicia, seguindo posteriormente para
um estudo teórico aprofundado das características construtivas pertencentes a cada um destes
períodos. Para complementar a tese de forma prática foi realizada uma investigação experimental
que envolveu a caracterização e a inspeção in situ de três edifícios diferentes pertencentes a
estes períodos. O método de inspeção envolveu a realização de ensaios não destrutivos
(humidímetro, penetrómetro pilodyn, ultrassom, esclerómetro) que apresentaram resultados
importantes, permitindo a comparação, a observação e a análise das diferentes tipologias.
A presente Dissertação pretende descrever, analisar e comparar de forma detalhada as
características construtivas desde o período Pombalino até à sua degradação no período
Gaioleiro. Por fim, como forma de alertar planeadores, moradores e proprietários deste tipo de
construção, desenvolveu-se um breve guião de reabilitação, para partilha de informação e
conhecimento em futuras intervenções ligeiras e médias neste tipo de edifícios.
The 1755 earthquake recreated the constructions habits in Lisbon until that moment. The disaster led to the development of an earthquake-resistant system, later known as the Pombalina construction style, designed by Marquês de Pombal. This new system was integrated in a plan to reconstruct the city which defined how to build in a safe and quick manner. However, over the years this plan has been disrespected due to economic needs and interest on the increase of the construction potential. These needs overlapped the earthquake safety of the buildings. The degradation of this typology has been going on for decades, until reaching its peak with the arrival of the phase called Gaioleira. This period reflects the abandonment of some of the good construction characteristics used prior to that date. It is from this historical base that the present research begins, proceeding afterwards to an in-depth theoretical study of the construction characteristics belonging to each of these periods. To complement the thesis in a practical way, a research was executed, involving the characterization and the inspection in situ of three different buildings that belong to these periods. The inspection method involved the performance on non-destructive tests that presented important results, allowing the comparison, the observations and the analysis of the different typologies. The present dissertation aims to describe, analyze and compare in detail the construction characteristics of this Pombalino period until its degradation in the Gaioleiro period. Finally, in order to alert planners residents and owners of this type of construction, a brief rehabilitation guide was developed, to share the information and knowledge for future light and medium interventions on this type of buildings.
The 1755 earthquake recreated the constructions habits in Lisbon until that moment. The disaster led to the development of an earthquake-resistant system, later known as the Pombalina construction style, designed by Marquês de Pombal. This new system was integrated in a plan to reconstruct the city which defined how to build in a safe and quick manner. However, over the years this plan has been disrespected due to economic needs and interest on the increase of the construction potential. These needs overlapped the earthquake safety of the buildings. The degradation of this typology has been going on for decades, until reaching its peak with the arrival of the phase called Gaioleira. This period reflects the abandonment of some of the good construction characteristics used prior to that date. It is from this historical base that the present research begins, proceeding afterwards to an in-depth theoretical study of the construction characteristics belonging to each of these periods. To complement the thesis in a practical way, a research was executed, involving the characterization and the inspection in situ of three different buildings that belong to these periods. The inspection method involved the performance on non-destructive tests that presented important results, allowing the comparison, the observations and the analysis of the different typologies. The present dissertation aims to describe, analyze and compare in detail the construction characteristics of this Pombalino period until its degradation in the Gaioleiro period. Finally, in order to alert planners residents and owners of this type of construction, a brief rehabilitation guide was developed, to share the information and knowledge for future light and medium interventions on this type of buildings.
Description
Mestrado em Conservação e Reabilitação do Edificado
Keywords
Reabilitação Terramoto de 1755 Edifícios antigos de Lisboa Edifícios Pombalinos Edifícios Gaioleiros Reabilitation The 1755 Earthquake Old Lisbon buildings Pombalinos buildings Gaioleiros buildings
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Barreiro