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Affordances do recreio em creche - efeitos da manipulação do ambiente na ocorrência da habilidades motoras fundamentais
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Abstract(s)
O recreio, envolve diversas possibilidades de ação – affordances - que podem ser amplamente diversificadas. Este Relatório Final tem como objetivo analisar as oportunidades de ação oferecidas pelo ambiente de recreio, em Creche, para o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais (HMF). Neste estudo participaram 14 crianças (9 - sexo feminino; 5 - sexo masculino) com 2 anos de idade. Foram filmados os comportamentos de brincadeira livre, em 3 condições do recreio – 1) Ambiente de Recreio Inalterado (ARI), 2) Ambiente de Recreio Modificado com 8 bolas (ARM8) e, 3) Ambiente de Recreio Modificado com 4 bolas (ARM4), diferenciadas por mais affordances conducentes a HMF manipulativas nas duas condições ARM. Cada condição foi filmada em 3 dias distintos durante 15 minutos, sendo registadas as HMF observadas. As habilidades de estabilização foram as menos promovidas. Os resultados também indicaram que, o ARI, não favorecia a prática de HMF manipulativas. No entanto, a introdução de bolas proporcionou novas possibilidades de ação, promovendo significativamente a ocorrência de HMF manipulativas. O estudo evidenciou que o espaço oferecia diversas oportunidades que permitiam às crianças desenvolver as suas HMF locomotoras e de estabilização, mas eliminavam as oportunidades de HMF de manipulação. Desta forma, é essencial refletir sobre o espaço e o potencial de ações que este oferece e diversificar os equipamentos e materiais disponíveis.
The playground involves various possibilities for action - affordances - which can be widely diversified. The aim of this final report is to analyse the opportunities for action offered by the playground environment in a nursery school for the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS). Fourteen children (9 female, 5 male) aged 2 took part in this study. Free play behaviours were filmed in 3 playground conditions - 1) Unaltered Playground Environment (UPE), 2) Modified Playground Environment with 8 balls (MPE8) and, 3) Modified Playground Environment with 4 balls (MPE4), differentiated by more affordances conducive to manipulative HMF in the two MPE conditions. Each condition was filmed on three separate days for 15 minutes, and the observed HMF were recorded. Stabilisation skills were the least promoted. The results also indicated that UPE did not favour the practice of manipulative HMF. However, the introduction of balls provided new possibilities for action, significantly promoting the occurrence of manipulative MHF. The study showed that the space offered various opportunities that allowed children to develop their locomotor and stabilisation FMS, but eliminated opportunities for manipulative FMS. In conclusion, it is essential to reflect on the space and the potential for action that it offers, and to diversify the equipment and materials available.
The playground involves various possibilities for action - affordances - which can be widely diversified. The aim of this final report is to analyse the opportunities for action offered by the playground environment in a nursery school for the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS). Fourteen children (9 female, 5 male) aged 2 took part in this study. Free play behaviours were filmed in 3 playground conditions - 1) Unaltered Playground Environment (UPE), 2) Modified Playground Environment with 8 balls (MPE8) and, 3) Modified Playground Environment with 4 balls (MPE4), differentiated by more affordances conducive to manipulative HMF in the two MPE conditions. Each condition was filmed on three separate days for 15 minutes, and the observed HMF were recorded. Stabilisation skills were the least promoted. The results also indicated that UPE did not favour the practice of manipulative HMF. However, the introduction of balls provided new possibilities for action, significantly promoting the occurrence of manipulative MHF. The study showed that the space offered various opportunities that allowed children to develop their locomotor and stabilisation FMS, but eliminated opportunities for manipulative FMS. In conclusion, it is essential to reflect on the space and the potential for action that it offers, and to diversify the equipment and materials available.
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Keywords
Affordances Desenvolvimento Motor Habilidades Motoras Fundamentais Infância Recreio Motor Development Fundamental Motor Skills Childhood Playground