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Análise da adesão dos pacientes aos cuidados preventivos em medicina dentária : o papel da literacia em saúde
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A literacia em saúde é um determinante reconhecido dos comportamentos preventivos, mas a sua relação com a adesão aos cuidados preventivos em Medicina Dentária permanece pouco estudada em Portugal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre os níveis de literacia em saúde geral e oral e a adesão aos cuidados preventivos. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal e correlacional, numa amostra de conveniência de 152 pacientes da Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz – Caparica. A literacia em saúde oral foi avaliada pelo REALD-29 PT, a literacia em saúde geral pelo Newest Vital Sign (NVS) e as atitudes preventivas pelo questionário IPAP-OH.
Os dados foram analisados com testes paramétricos e não paramétricos e medidas de dimensão do efeito (p < 0,05). Os participantes apresentaram uma pontuação média de 19,45 no REALD-29 PT, 3,95 no NVS e 5,69 no domínio de conhecimento preventivo do IPAP-OH. A literacia em saúde oral e a literacia em saúde geral correlacionaram-se positivamente entre si (ρ = 0,494; p < 0,001) e com o conhecimento preventivo. A literacia e o conhecimento variaram significativamente em função da escolaridade e da situação profissional, mas não da idade. A literacia em saúde oral associou-se a maior autoeficácia e valorização da saúde oral, enquanto a literacia em saúde geral se associou inversamente à perceção do custo como barreira. Conclui-se que a literacia em saúde se associa à adesão aos cuidados preventivos, sobretudo através do conhecimento, das atitudes preventivas e do acesso aos cuidados, sendo estas associações moduladas pela escolaridade. Estes resultados reforçam a importância de integrar a avaliação da literacia na prática clínica e de adaptar a comunicação aos grupos socialmente mais vulneráveis. Dado o desenho transversal, a amostragem por conveniência e os indicadores maioritariamente autorreportados, estes achados devem ser interpretados como associações exploratórias e não como relações causais.
Health literacy is a recognized determinant of preventive behaviours, yet its relationship with adherence to preventive dental care remains understudied in Portugal. This study aimed to analyse the association between general and oral health literacy levels and adherence to preventive care. An observational, crosssectional and correlational study was conducted on a convenience sample of 152 patients attending the Egas Moniz University Clinic – Caparica. Oral health literacy was assessed using the REALD-29 PT, general health literacy using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), and preventive attitudes using the IPAP-OH questionnaire. Data were analysed using parametric and non-parametric tests and effect-size measures (p < 0.05). Participants showed mean scores of 19.45 on the REALD-29 PT, 3.95 on the NVS, and 5.69 on the preventive knowledge domain of the IPAP-OH. Oral health literacy and general health literacy were positively correlated with each other (ρ = 0.494; p < 0.001) and with preventive knowledge. Literacy and knowledge varied significantly according to educational level and occupational status, but not according to age. Oral health literacy was associated with greater self-efficacy and a higher valuation of oral health, whereas general health literacy was inversely associated with the perception of cost as a barrier. These findings suggest that health literacy is associated with adherence to preventive care, mainly through knowledge, preventive attitudes, and access to care, with these associations being moderated by educational level. The results reinforce the importance of integrating health literacy assessment into clinical practice and adapting communication strategies to the needs of socially vulnerable groups. Given the cross-sectional design, the convenience sampling and the use of mostly self-reported indicators, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory associations rather than causal relationships.
Health literacy is a recognized determinant of preventive behaviours, yet its relationship with adherence to preventive dental care remains understudied in Portugal. This study aimed to analyse the association between general and oral health literacy levels and adherence to preventive care. An observational, crosssectional and correlational study was conducted on a convenience sample of 152 patients attending the Egas Moniz University Clinic – Caparica. Oral health literacy was assessed using the REALD-29 PT, general health literacy using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), and preventive attitudes using the IPAP-OH questionnaire. Data were analysed using parametric and non-parametric tests and effect-size measures (p < 0.05). Participants showed mean scores of 19.45 on the REALD-29 PT, 3.95 on the NVS, and 5.69 on the preventive knowledge domain of the IPAP-OH. Oral health literacy and general health literacy were positively correlated with each other (ρ = 0.494; p < 0.001) and with preventive knowledge. Literacy and knowledge varied significantly according to educational level and occupational status, but not according to age. Oral health literacy was associated with greater self-efficacy and a higher valuation of oral health, whereas general health literacy was inversely associated with the perception of cost as a barrier. These findings suggest that health literacy is associated with adherence to preventive care, mainly through knowledge, preventive attitudes, and access to care, with these associations being moderated by educational level. The results reinforce the importance of integrating health literacy assessment into clinical practice and adapting communication strategies to the needs of socially vulnerable groups. Given the cross-sectional design, the convenience sampling and the use of mostly self-reported indicators, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory associations rather than causal relationships.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Literacia em saúde oral Adesão preventiva Medicina dentária Cuidados preventivos