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Efetividade da estimulação multissensorial em idosos com perturbação neurocognitiva major
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A Perturbação neurocognitiva (PNC) major, caracteriza-se por um declínio
cognitivo progressivo que compromete a autonomia e qualidade de vida dos
idosos. Dada a ausência de cura e a limitada eficácia dos tratamentos
farmacológicos, as intervenções não farmacológicas têm-se destacado como
estratégias promissoras na mitigação e controlo de sintomas cognitivos e
comportamentais, promovendo bem-estar e funcionalidade. Neste contexto, a
estimulação multissensorial tem sido reconhecida como uma abordagem
terapêutica centrada na pessoa, com benefícios evidenciados na cognição,
humor e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos Assim, esta investigação teve como
objetivo avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção baseada na estimulação
multissensorial em idosos com PNC, enquanto intervenção especializada de
enfermagem em saúde mental e psiquiatria, i.e., procurou perceber-se se esta
intervenção produz um efeito na prática assistencial quotidiana com esta
população.
Foi conduzido um estudo quase-experimental, com medidas pré e pósintervenção,
desenvolvido numa unidade residencial de cuidados hospitalar, da
região norte de Portugal. A amostra foi constituída por dez idosos com
diagnóstico clínico de PNC Major. A intervenção consistiu em oito sessões de
estimulação multissensorial, com duração de 45 minutos cada, realizadas duas
vezes por semana. Os instrumentos utilizados na linha de base (T0) e
seguimento (T1) incluíram um questionário sociodemográfico, o Mini Mental
State Examination (MMSE), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica 15 itens (GDS-
15), o Índice de Barthel, o Índice de Lawton e Brody, e o Inventário de
Sintomas Neuropsiquiátricos (NPI).
Os resultados após a intervenção revelaram melhorias estatisticamente
significativas na cognição (MMSE, p < 0,001), no humor (GDS-15, p = 0,002),
na funcionalidade, especificamente nas atividades básicas de vida diária
(Índice de Barthel, p < 0,001) e nos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos (NPI-12, p <
0,001), mas não nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária (p =0,025).
Adicionalmente, em T1, foram verificadas correlações moderadas a altas entre
os instrumentos, sugerindo que a redução dos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos se
poderá associar à melhoria do humor e da funcionalidade.
Conclui-se que a estimulação multissensorial se revelou uma intervenção
eficaz e segura para a população idosa com PNC major, contribuindo para
ganhos em saúde mental e funcionalidade. Este estudo reforça o papel do
enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental na implementação de intervenções
terapêuticas não farmacológicas, centradas na pessoa e orientadas para a
promoção da autonomia e qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados.
Major Neurocognitive Disorder is characterized by progressive cognitive decline that compromises autonomy and quality of life in older adults. Given the lack of a cure and the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological interventions have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate cognitive and behavioral symptoms, enhancing well-being and functionality. Among these, multisensory stimulation has gained recognition as a personcentered therapeutic approach with demonstrated benefits in cognition, mood, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multisensory stimulationbased intervention for older adults with MND, as a specialized mental health and psychiatric nursing intervention. Specifically, it sought to determine whether such an approach could produce tangible benefits in daily care practices for this population. A quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention assessments was conducted in a residential hospital care unit in northern Portugal. The sample included ten older adults with a clinical diagnosis of MND. The intervention involved eight sessions of multisensory stimulation, each lasting 45 minutes and conducted twice weekly. Instruments used at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Barthel Index, the Lawton and Brody IADL Scale, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results revealed statistically significant improvements in cognition (MMSE, p < 0.001), mood (GDS-15, p = 0.002), functionality in basic activities of daily living (Barthel Index, p < 0.001), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI-12, p < 0.001), though not in instrumental activities (p = 0.025). At T1, moderate to strong correlations among instruments suggested that reductions in neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with improvements in mood and functionality. In conclusion, multisensory stimulation proved to be an effective and safe intervention for institutionalized older adults with MND, promoting gains in mental health and functional capacity. This study reinforces the critical role of the mental health nurse in implementing person-centered, non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies to support autonomy and quality of life in older adults.
Major Neurocognitive Disorder is characterized by progressive cognitive decline that compromises autonomy and quality of life in older adults. Given the lack of a cure and the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological interventions have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate cognitive and behavioral symptoms, enhancing well-being and functionality. Among these, multisensory stimulation has gained recognition as a personcentered therapeutic approach with demonstrated benefits in cognition, mood, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multisensory stimulationbased intervention for older adults with MND, as a specialized mental health and psychiatric nursing intervention. Specifically, it sought to determine whether such an approach could produce tangible benefits in daily care practices for this population. A quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention assessments was conducted in a residential hospital care unit in northern Portugal. The sample included ten older adults with a clinical diagnosis of MND. The intervention involved eight sessions of multisensory stimulation, each lasting 45 minutes and conducted twice weekly. Instruments used at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Barthel Index, the Lawton and Brody IADL Scale, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results revealed statistically significant improvements in cognition (MMSE, p < 0.001), mood (GDS-15, p = 0.002), functionality in basic activities of daily living (Barthel Index, p < 0.001), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI-12, p < 0.001), though not in instrumental activities (p = 0.025). At T1, moderate to strong correlations among instruments suggested that reductions in neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with improvements in mood and functionality. In conclusion, multisensory stimulation proved to be an effective and safe intervention for institutionalized older adults with MND, promoting gains in mental health and functional capacity. This study reinforces the critical role of the mental health nurse in implementing person-centered, non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies to support autonomy and quality of life in older adults.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Perturbação neurocognitiva major Idosos Enfermagem de saúde mental Intervenção não farmacológica