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Publication
Impacto do tabagismo na doença periodontal
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 2.72 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A doença periodontal é uma inflamação crónica prevalente na cavidade oral, que afeta até 90% das pessoas em todo o mundo. O consumo de tabaco é um dos principais fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento e agravamento da doença periodontal, tendo impacto significativo na composição da microbiota subgengival, na resposta imune e inflamatória do organismo, bem como na eficácia dos tratamentos periodontais.
Este estudo analisa detalhadamente o impacto do tabagismo na doença periodontal, explorando os mecanismos pelos quais o consumo de tabaco altera a saúde periodontal, favorecendo a inflamação crónica e a destruição dos tecidos de suporte dentário. Para além do cigarro convencional, avaliam-se os efeitos dos cigarros eletrónicos e outros dispositivos de libertação de nicotina, cujas consequências para a saúde oral ainda estão a ser amplamente estudadas.
Adicionalmente, avalia-se a relação entre o tabagismo e outras doenças sistémicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, relação com distúrbios neurológicos e psiquiátricos bem como os efeitos do tabagismo passivo na saúde periodontal.
Apesar das evidências que associam o tabagismo à progressão da periodontite, existem ainda controvérsias na literatura científica. Alguns estudos sugerem que fatores genéticos, ambientais e comportamentais podem desempenhar um papel igualmente relevante na progressão da doença, tornando a influência do tabaco mais complexa do que habitualmente se presume. Além disso, há debates sobre a real extensão do impacto dos cigarros eletrónicos e produtos alternativos de nicotina na saúde periodontal, uma vez que a sua utilização ainda é recente e as evidências disponíveis são limitadas.
Este trabalho destaca a importância de uma abordagem integrada e interdisciplinar na melhoria do prognóstico clínico de doentes fumadores, evidenciando o papel essencial do médico dentista como membro ativo das equipas de saúde.
Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammation of the oral cavity, affecting up to 90% of people worldwide. Tobacco consumption is one of the main risk factors associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease, having a significant impact on the composition of the subgingival microbiota, the body's immune and inflammatory response, as well as the effectiveness of periodontal treatments. This study provides a detailed analysis of the impact of smoking on periodontal disease, exploring the mechanisms by which tobacco use alters periodontal health, promoting chronic inflammation and the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. In addition to conventional cigarettes, it also assesses the effects of electronic cigarettes and other nicotine delivery devices, whose consequences for oral health are still being widely studied. Furthermore, the relationship between smoking and other systemic diseases is evaluated, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and associations with neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as the effects of passive smoking on periodontal health. Despite the evidence linking smoking to the progression of periodontitis, controversies persist in the scientific literature. Some studies suggest that genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors may play an equally important role in disease progression, making the influence of tobacco more complex than commonly assumed. In addition, there is ongoing debate regarding the true extent of the impact of electronic cigarettes and alternative nicotine products on periodontal health, as their use is relatively recent and available evidence remains limited. This work highlights the importance of an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to improving the clinical prognosis of smoking patients, underlining the essential role of the dental practitioner as an active member of healthcare teams.
Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammation of the oral cavity, affecting up to 90% of people worldwide. Tobacco consumption is one of the main risk factors associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease, having a significant impact on the composition of the subgingival microbiota, the body's immune and inflammatory response, as well as the effectiveness of periodontal treatments. This study provides a detailed analysis of the impact of smoking on periodontal disease, exploring the mechanisms by which tobacco use alters periodontal health, promoting chronic inflammation and the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. In addition to conventional cigarettes, it also assesses the effects of electronic cigarettes and other nicotine delivery devices, whose consequences for oral health are still being widely studied. Furthermore, the relationship between smoking and other systemic diseases is evaluated, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and associations with neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as the effects of passive smoking on periodontal health. Despite the evidence linking smoking to the progression of periodontitis, controversies persist in the scientific literature. Some studies suggest that genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors may play an equally important role in disease progression, making the influence of tobacco more complex than commonly assumed. In addition, there is ongoing debate regarding the true extent of the impact of electronic cigarettes and alternative nicotine products on periodontal health, as their use is relatively recent and available evidence remains limited. This work highlights the importance of an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to improving the clinical prognosis of smoking patients, underlining the essential role of the dental practitioner as an active member of healthcare teams.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doença periodontal Tabagismo Fatores de risco Prevenção periodontal