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Otimização da qualidade de vida e da função oral em pacientes com cancros da cavidade bucal durante e após o tratamento
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Abstract(s)
Conhecidos desde a Antiguidade, os cancros tornaram-se um flagelo do século XXI. Difíceis de tratar, são também um fardo mental para o doente. O cancro oral é um dos cancros com um prognóstico desfavorável. É frequentemente diagnosticado tardiamente e, consequentemente, o tratamento é atrasado.
O tratamento baseia-se na cirurgia, radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia. O tratamento cirúrgico permite a excisão do tecido cancerígeno, mas pode também levar a uma perda da função oral e da qualidade de vida do doente. Após a radioterapia e a quimioterapia, podem surgir inconvenientes como o risco de osteonecrose e de
reabsorção óssea, dificultando a reconstrução dos tecidos que desapareceram.
Todos estes critérios são desafios a cumprir para restabelecer as funções orais essenciais e dar ao paciente o melhor apoio possível neste processo.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as diferentes técnicas que podem ser utilizadas para a reconstrução da cavidade oral, tendo em conta todos os desafios inerentes ao tratamento do cancro.
Serão analisados os diferentes tipos de reconstrução de tecidos, próteses e implantes possíveis, bem como as questões estéticas e de reconstrução de identidade envolvidas.
Connus depuis l’antiquité, les cancers sont devenus un fléau pour le 21ème siècle. Difficiles à traiter ils sont aussi une charge mentale pour le patient. Le cancer buccal fait partie des cancers dont le prognostique est défavorable. Le diagnostic est souvent tardif, et par conséquent la prise en charge thérapeutique est retardée. Le traitement repose sur de la chirurgie, radiothérapie et/ou chimiothérapie. Le traitement chirurgical permettra l’excision des tissus cancéreux mais peut également entrainer une perte des fonctions orales et de la qualité de vie du patient. A la suite de la radiothérapie et chimiothérapie des inconvénients tels que les risques d’ostéonécrose, de réabsorption osseuse peuvent survenir entrainant des difficultés pour reconstruire les tissus disparus. Tous ces critères sont des défis à relever afin de rétablir les fonctions essentielles orales et d’accompagner au mieux le patient dans la démarche. Cette étude a pour but d’analyser les différentes techniques qui permettront la reconstruction de la cavité buccale, en tenant compte de tous les défis que relèvent le traitement des cancers. Ainsi, il sera analysé les différents types de reconstruction tissulaires, de prothèses, d’implants possibles mais également les questions esthétiques, de reconstruction identitaire que ça relève.
Known since ancient times, cancers have become a scourge of the 21st century. Difficult to treat, they are also a mental burden for the patient. Oral cancer is one of the cancers with an unfavorable prognosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, and consequently also the treatment. Treatment is based on surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Surgical treatment will excise the cancerous tissue but may also lead to a loss of oral function and quality of life for the patient. Following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, inconveniences such as the risk of osteonecrosis and bone reabsorption may arise, making it difficult to rebuild the tissues that have disappeared. All these criteria are challenges to be met to restore essential oral functions and to provide the patient with the best possible support in the process. The aim of this study is to analyze the various techniques that can be used to reconstruct the oral cavity, considering all the challenges involved in treating cancer. It will analyze the different types of tissue reconstruction, prostheses and implants that are possible, as well as the aesthetic and identity reconstruction issues involved.
Connus depuis l’antiquité, les cancers sont devenus un fléau pour le 21ème siècle. Difficiles à traiter ils sont aussi une charge mentale pour le patient. Le cancer buccal fait partie des cancers dont le prognostique est défavorable. Le diagnostic est souvent tardif, et par conséquent la prise en charge thérapeutique est retardée. Le traitement repose sur de la chirurgie, radiothérapie et/ou chimiothérapie. Le traitement chirurgical permettra l’excision des tissus cancéreux mais peut également entrainer une perte des fonctions orales et de la qualité de vie du patient. A la suite de la radiothérapie et chimiothérapie des inconvénients tels que les risques d’ostéonécrose, de réabsorption osseuse peuvent survenir entrainant des difficultés pour reconstruire les tissus disparus. Tous ces critères sont des défis à relever afin de rétablir les fonctions essentielles orales et d’accompagner au mieux le patient dans la démarche. Cette étude a pour but d’analyser les différentes techniques qui permettront la reconstruction de la cavité buccale, en tenant compte de tous les défis que relèvent le traitement des cancers. Ainsi, il sera analysé les différents types de reconstruction tissulaires, de prothèses, d’implants possibles mais également les questions esthétiques, de reconstruction identitaire que ça relève.
Known since ancient times, cancers have become a scourge of the 21st century. Difficult to treat, they are also a mental burden for the patient. Oral cancer is one of the cancers with an unfavorable prognosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, and consequently also the treatment. Treatment is based on surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Surgical treatment will excise the cancerous tissue but may also lead to a loss of oral function and quality of life for the patient. Following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, inconveniences such as the risk of osteonecrosis and bone reabsorption may arise, making it difficult to rebuild the tissues that have disappeared. All these criteria are challenges to be met to restore essential oral functions and to provide the patient with the best possible support in the process. The aim of this study is to analyze the various techniques that can be used to reconstruct the oral cavity, considering all the challenges involved in treating cancer. It will analyze the different types of tissue reconstruction, prostheses and implants that are possible, as well as the aesthetic and identity reconstruction issues involved.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Cancro oral Reabilitação Implantes Próteses