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Tradução e validação para a população portuguesa da Individual Workload Perception Scale - Revised
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Abstract(s)
As condições de trabalho dos enfermeiros têm vindo a ser alvo de preocupação e interesse crescentes
por parte dos investigadores e gestores, por serem impulsionadoras da qualidade dos cuidados e dos
níveis de satisfação dos profissionais e dos clientes. Neste sentido, o ambiente da prática de enfermagem
é fortemente influenciado pelos comportamentos, produtividade, motivação e satisfação dos
profissionais. Para a existência de um ambiente favorável é necessário que todos estes aspetos se
desenvolvam e prosperem. A área da enfermagem é reconhecida pelos elevados níveis de stress
associados ao ambiente de trabalho. Os enfermeiros estão constantemente sujeitos a riscos psicossociais
com impacto a nível físico, psicológico e social, decorrentes de fatores de sobrecarga de trabalho,
interação e conflitos com os pares ou outros profissionais, horários por turnos, carência de recursos
materiais/técnicos/humanos e exigências emocionais inerentes ao contacto direto com os clientes. As
tentativas de descrever esta questão complexa da carga de trabalho em enfermagem têm-se concentrado
em medidas objetivas, tais como: horas por dia de cuidados de enfermagem ao cliente, e níveis de
dependência do cliente determinados pela quantidade de cuidados realizados durante um certo período.
Estes métodos não têm em conta a experiência e as competências dos profissionais de saúde, nem os
problemas com o suporte do enfermeiro gestor/pares e as limitações dos recursos. A escala Individual
Workload Perception Scale – Revised (IWPS-R) foi desenvolvida para ser um instrumento que avalia a
satisfação dos enfermeiros relativamente à sua carga de trabalho. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente
estudo é adaptar culturalmente/ linguisticamente e validar a escala IWPS-R, dando origem à versão
portuguesa da mesma. Para tal, recorreu-se a um estudo do tipo quantitativo, observacional e descritivo transversal, sendo o instrumento validado numa amostra de 323 enfermeiros pertencentes a um centro
hospitalar. A sua aplicação decorreu desde 10 a 26 de fevereiro, sendo a maioria da amostra pertencente
ao sexo feminino (87,3%) e a média de idades a situar-se no intervalo de idades dos 30 aos 39 anos.
Para validação do questionário foi solicitada autorização à autora da escala IWPS-R original, bem como
ao Conselho de Administração e Comissão de Ética da instituição envolvida. A fiabilidade foi garantida
através da determinação da consistência interna, tendo sido testada através do Alfa de Cronbach onde
se obteve 0,9, com exclusão de 8 itens. A validade de conteúdo foi garantida pela realização do teste de
compreensão e a validade de construto através da análise fatorial, cuja análise de componentes principais
deu origem a uma matriz constituída por cinco fatores: Suporte do Enfermeiro Gestor, Suporte da
Equipa, Carga de Trabalho, Recursos da Organização, Intenção de Permanecer. A IWPS-R revelou ser
um instrumento adequado para ser aplicado no contexto cultural português, através das suas
características psicométricas.
Nurses´ working conditions have been the subject of growing concern and interest for researchers and managers, as these conditions drive the quality of care and the levels of satisfaction of professionals and clients. In this sense, the nursing practice environment is strongly influenced by the behaviors, productivity, motivation and satisfaction of professionals. For a favorable environment, all these aspects must develop and prosper. The nursing job is recognized for the high levels of stress associated with the work environment. There are psychosocial risks inherent to the nursing practice, with a physical, psychological and social impact on the professionals, due to work overload factors, conflicts with peers or other professionals, shift schedules, lack of material/technical/human resources, and emotional demands associated to the direct contact with customers. Attempts to describe the complex issue of nursing workload have focused on objective measures, such as: hours per day of nursing client care, and client dependency levels determined by the amount of care performed over a given period. However, these methods don´t consider relevant aspects, like the experience and skills of the professionals, limited support from nurse manager/peers, and resource limitations. The Individual Workload Perception Scale – Revised (IWPS-R) was developed to be an instrument that assesses nurses' satisfaction with their workload. Thus, the objective of the present study is to culturally/linguistically adapt and validate the IWPS-R scale, so it can be developed the Portuguese version of it. In order to achieve this, the instrument was validated in a sample of 323 nurses from a hospital center, through a quantitative, observational and descriptive/cross-sectional study. Its application took place from the 10th to the 26th of February, with the majority of the sample belonging to the female sex (87.3%) and the average age between 30 to 39 years. For validation of the questionnaire, it was requested authorization from the original IWPS-R scale´s author, as well as from the Directors´ Board and the Ethics Committee of the institution involved. Reliability was guaranteed by the determination of internal consistency, through the measure of Cronbach's Alpha, where 0.9 was obtained and 8 items were excluded. Content validity was guaranteed by carrying out the comprehension test. Construct validity, in turn, it was assured through factor analysis, whose main components analysis gave rise to a five factors matrix: Support from the Nurse Manager, Team Support, Workload, Organization Resources, and Intent to Stay. It was proved that the IWPS-R is a suitable instrument for application in the Portuguese cultural context, through its psychometric characteristics.
Nurses´ working conditions have been the subject of growing concern and interest for researchers and managers, as these conditions drive the quality of care and the levels of satisfaction of professionals and clients. In this sense, the nursing practice environment is strongly influenced by the behaviors, productivity, motivation and satisfaction of professionals. For a favorable environment, all these aspects must develop and prosper. The nursing job is recognized for the high levels of stress associated with the work environment. There are psychosocial risks inherent to the nursing practice, with a physical, psychological and social impact on the professionals, due to work overload factors, conflicts with peers or other professionals, shift schedules, lack of material/technical/human resources, and emotional demands associated to the direct contact with customers. Attempts to describe the complex issue of nursing workload have focused on objective measures, such as: hours per day of nursing client care, and client dependency levels determined by the amount of care performed over a given period. However, these methods don´t consider relevant aspects, like the experience and skills of the professionals, limited support from nurse manager/peers, and resource limitations. The Individual Workload Perception Scale – Revised (IWPS-R) was developed to be an instrument that assesses nurses' satisfaction with their workload. Thus, the objective of the present study is to culturally/linguistically adapt and validate the IWPS-R scale, so it can be developed the Portuguese version of it. In order to achieve this, the instrument was validated in a sample of 323 nurses from a hospital center, through a quantitative, observational and descriptive/cross-sectional study. Its application took place from the 10th to the 26th of February, with the majority of the sample belonging to the female sex (87.3%) and the average age between 30 to 39 years. For validation of the questionnaire, it was requested authorization from the original IWPS-R scale´s author, as well as from the Directors´ Board and the Ethics Committee of the institution involved. Reliability was guaranteed by the determination of internal consistency, through the measure of Cronbach's Alpha, where 0.9 was obtained and 8 items were excluded. Content validity was guaranteed by carrying out the comprehension test. Construct validity, in turn, it was assured through factor analysis, whose main components analysis gave rise to a five factors matrix: Support from the Nurse Manager, Team Support, Workload, Organization Resources, and Intent to Stay. It was proved that the IWPS-R is a suitable instrument for application in the Portuguese cultural context, through its psychometric characteristics.
Description
Keywords
Administração em enfermagem Carga de trabalho Ambiente de trabalho Prática avançada de enfermagem