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Relação entre BOLT score, xerostomia e risco de cárie dentária : um estudo piloto
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Introdução: A respiração oral tem sido associada à xerostomia, a uma maior suscetibilidade à cárie dentária e a uma redução do fluxo salivar. O BOLT score é um indicador simples de eficiência respiratória, onde valores baixos sugerem maior sensibilidade ao dióxido de carbono e também padrões respiratórios disfuncionais. A correlação entre todas estas variáveis ainda se encontra pouco explorada na literatura.
Objetivos: Avaliar a existência de correlação entre o BOLT score, a presença de xerostomia e o risco de cárie, avaliando também se valores mais baixos deste indicador, se relacionam a padrões ventilatórios disfuncionais.
Materiais e Métodos: Foi utilizada uma amostra de 901 participantes provenientes do Banco de Dados de Saúde Oral da Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz, recolhidos entre 1 de janeiro a 31 de março. A esta amostra foi aplicado um estudo observacional, transversal e retrospetivo, onde foram analisados o BOLT score, os indicadores de cárie (CPOD e lesões ativas), o padrão respiratório e a xerostomia por autorrelato. Para verificar a existência de associações entre as variáveis, utilizaram-se correlações de Spearman, quiquadrado, testes de Kruskal-Wallis e regressão logística binária ajustada.
Resultados: Não foi verificada nenhuma correlação entre o BOLT score e os indicadores de cárie, nem entre a xerostomia e o CPOD estimado. O resultado obtido mais relevante foi a associação entre a respiração oral ou mista e boca seca frequente (χ2 = 11,834; p < 0,001; V = 0,115). No modelo ajustado, a respiração oral ou mista foi um preditor independente de cárie ativa (OR = 1,503; IC 95% = [1,087 – 2,078]; p = 0,014).
Conclusão: Foi observada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o padrão respiratório oral ou misto e a xerostomia, sendo assim sugerido que a disfunção respiratória influência a saúde oral. Para validar estas correlações, serão necessários e fundamentais outros estudos longitudinais futuros.
Introduction: Oral breathing has been associated with xerostomia, with increased susceptibility to dental caries, and with reduced salivary flow. The BOLT score is a simple indicator of respiratory efficiency, in which lower values suggest greater sensitivity to carbon dioxide and to dysfunctional breathing patterns. The correlation between these variables remains largely unexplored in literature. Objectives: To evaluate whether a correlation exists between the BOLT score, the presence of xerostomia, and the risk of dental caries, while also assessing whether lower values of this indicator are associated with dysfunctional ventilatory patterns. Materials and Methods: A sample of 901 participants from the Banco de Dados de Saúde Oral da Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz was used, with data collected between 1 January and 31 March 2026. An observational, crosssectional and retrospective study design was applied, in which the BOLT score, caries indicators (DMFT and active lesions), breathing patterns, and self-reported xerostomia were analysed. To assess associations between variables, Spearman correlation, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and adjusted binary logistic regression were used. Results: No significant correlation was found between the BOLT score and caries indicators, nor between xerostomia and estimated DMFT. The most relevant finding was the association between oral or mixed breathing and frequent dry mouth (χ2 = 11,834; p < 0,001; V = 0,115). In the adjusted model, oral or mixed breathing was an independent predictor of active caries (OR = 1,503; IC 95% = [1,087 – 2,078]; p = 0,014). Conclusion: A statistically significant association was found between oral or mixed breathing pattern and xerostomia, suggesting that respiratory dysfunction influences oral health. Future longitudinal studies will be essential to validate these associations.
Introduction: Oral breathing has been associated with xerostomia, with increased susceptibility to dental caries, and with reduced salivary flow. The BOLT score is a simple indicator of respiratory efficiency, in which lower values suggest greater sensitivity to carbon dioxide and to dysfunctional breathing patterns. The correlation between these variables remains largely unexplored in literature. Objectives: To evaluate whether a correlation exists between the BOLT score, the presence of xerostomia, and the risk of dental caries, while also assessing whether lower values of this indicator are associated with dysfunctional ventilatory patterns. Materials and Methods: A sample of 901 participants from the Banco de Dados de Saúde Oral da Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz was used, with data collected between 1 January and 31 March 2026. An observational, crosssectional and retrospective study design was applied, in which the BOLT score, caries indicators (DMFT and active lesions), breathing patterns, and self-reported xerostomia were analysed. To assess associations between variables, Spearman correlation, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and adjusted binary logistic regression were used. Results: No significant correlation was found between the BOLT score and caries indicators, nor between xerostomia and estimated DMFT. The most relevant finding was the association between oral or mixed breathing and frequent dry mouth (χ2 = 11,834; p < 0,001; V = 0,115). In the adjusted model, oral or mixed breathing was an independent predictor of active caries (OR = 1,503; IC 95% = [1,087 – 2,078]; p = 0,014). Conclusion: A statistically significant association was found between oral or mixed breathing pattern and xerostomia, suggesting that respiratory dysfunction influences oral health. Future longitudinal studies will be essential to validate these associations.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
BOLT Score Cárie Dentária Respiração oral Xerostomia